<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）03–0424–08</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V214董 慧</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 777</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液对干眼症小鼠角膜MMP-9与TNF-<bold>α</bold>表达的影响</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effect of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> eye drops on the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-<bold>α</bold> in the cornea of mice with dry eye disease</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>董</surname><given-names>慧</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dong</surname><given-names>Hui</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>郑</surname><given-names>华成</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>Huacheng</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>王</surname><given-names>韦婷</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Weiting</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>赵</surname><given-names>海霞</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Haixia</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution>内蒙古医科大学附属医院眼视光中心</institution>，<city>呼和浩特</city>  <postal-code>010050</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ophthalmic Optics Center of Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University， Hohhot</institution>　<postal-code>010050</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Zhao Haixia</named-content> ， E-mail： <email>nmghhzhx@163.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">董  慧</named-content>，女，硕士研究生</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">赵海霞</named-content>，女，博士，教授，博士生导师，通信作者，E-mail： <email>nmghhzhx@163.com</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-11T09：02：07"><day>11</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-id>14</issue-id><fpage>424</fpage><lpage>431</lpage><page-range>424-431</page-range>    <history><date date-type="received"> <day>08</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date>  </history>  <abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>本研究通过人工模拟的干燥环境（空气湿度30%）联合皮下注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱诱导混合型干眼症（DED）小鼠模型，并探究维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液如何调控DED小鼠角膜基质金属蛋白酶9（MMP-9）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的表达水平。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>C57BL/6雌鼠50只，10只小鼠为A组（空白组），其余40只小鼠采用干燥环境（空气湿度30%）联合皮下注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱诱导DED小鼠模型，分别对所有小鼠进行基础泪液分泌实验（SIT）、泪膜破裂时间（TBUT）和角膜荧光素染色评分（CFS）检测，最终选择符合造模标准的小鼠入组，并随机分为B组（模型组）、C组（PBS组）、D组（维生素B<sub>12</sub>组），药物处理第0、7、14、21天对各组小鼠进行TBUT、SIT、CFS及角膜炎症程度的评估，从宏观角度分析维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液治疗DED的疗效。药物处理21 d后，采用颈椎脱臼法处死所有小鼠并取角膜组织，进行HE染色观察各组小鼠角膜组织的形态学变化，ELISA法和免疫组织化学染色检测各组小鼠角膜组织中MMP-9及TNF-α的表达水平。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>干燥环境（空气湿度30%）联合皮下注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱诱导DED小鼠的DED相关指标的变化：SIT显著减少、TBUT显著缩短、角膜荧光素点染增加及CFS均显著升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05），表明DED模型成功建立，共30只DED小鼠入组。DED模型建立成功且未进行药物干预时，B组、C组、D组之间TBUT、SIT、角膜荧光素点染情况及CFS差异均无统计学意义；B组、C组、D组分别与A组比较，SIT减少、TBUT缩短、角膜荧光素点染明显和CFS均增加，且各项指标的差异均有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。药物干预后，D组（维生素B<sub>12</sub>组）各项指标分别与B组、C组比较：SIT明显增加、TBUT显著延长、角膜荧光素点染减少，角膜较前清亮，荧光素点染减少，CFS降低，且差异均有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。ELISA和免疫组织化学染色结果均显示，与A组相比，B组和C组角膜组织中MMP-9和TNF-α的表达量均显著升高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；D组角膜组织中MMP-9和TNF-α的表达量较B组和C组均有所下降，但仍较A组高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>MMP-9及TNF-α两种炎症因子均参与DED的发生发展。维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液可能通过促进角膜上皮修复改善眼表不适症状。维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液可能通过降低小鼠角膜组织中MMP-9及TNF-α的表达，增加泪液分泌量，延长泪膜破裂时间，减少角膜荧光素点染，减轻角膜炎症反应，从而达到治疗DED的目的。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate how vitamin B<sub>12</sub> eye drops regulate MMP-9 and TNF-α expression levels in the corneas of dry eye disease （DED） mouse model induced by a combination of an artificially simulated dry environment （air humidity 30%） and subcutaneous injection of hyoscine hydrobromide.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Fifty C57BL/6 female mice were used in the study. 10 mice formed A group （blank control）， while the remaining 40 mice were subjected to dry eye disease induction through subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide in a controlled environment with 30% air humidity. All mice underwent schirmer I test （SIT）， tear break-up time （TBUT）， and corneal fluorescence staining score（CFS）evaluations. Mice meeting modeling criteria were randomly assigned to three groups： B group （model group）， C group （PBS control）， and D group （vitamin B<sub>12</sub> group）. 0， 7， 14， and 21 days after treatment， each group received TBUT， SIT， CFS， and corneal inflammation assessments. Macroscopic analysis evaluated the efficacy of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> eye drops in treating dry eye. After 21 days of treatment， all mice were euthanized <italic>via</italic> cervical dislocation and their corneas analyzed using HE staining to examine morphological changes. ELISA and immunohistochemical methods were employed to detect MMP-9 and TNF-α expression levels in corneal tissues across groups.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>In dry environments （air humidity 30%）， subcutaneous injection of scopolamine hydrobromide induced changes in dry eye-related indicators in mice： SIT significantly decreased， TBUT significantly shortened， corneal fluorescein staining increased， and CFS all significantly elevated （<italic>P</italic> 0.05）， indicating successful establishment of the dry eye model. A total of 30 dry eye mice were enrolled. When the dry eye model was successfully established without drug intervention， no statistically significant differences were observed between B group， C group and D group in terms of TBUT， SIT， corneal fluorescein staining， or CFS. Compared with A group， B group， C group and D group showed statistically significant differences in reduced SIT， shortened TBUT， increased corneal fluorescein staining， and elevated CFS （<italic>P</italic> 0.05）. After drug intervention， D group （vitamin B<sub>12</sub> group） exhibited significantly increased SIT， prolonged TBUT， reduced corneal fluorescein staining， clearer corneas， decreased fluorescein staining， and lower CFS compared with B and C groups（<italic>P </italic>0.05）. ELISA and immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with A group， B and C groups exhibited significantly increased expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in corneal tissues （<italic>P</italic> 0.05）. D group showed decreased expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α compared with B and C groups but remained higher than A group （<italic>P</italic> 0.05）.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in the corneal tissues of mice with dry eye is elevated， suggesting that both inflammatory factors， MMP-9 and TNF-α， are involved in the development of dry eye. Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> eye drops may improve the symptoms of ocular surface discomfort by promoting the repair of the corneal epithelium. Vitamin B<sub>12</sub> eye drops may increase tear secretion， prolong tear film break up time， reduce corneal fluorescein staining， and alleviate the inflammatory reaction of the cornea by decreasing the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-α in the corneal tissues of the mice， thus playing a therapeutic role in the treatment of dry eye disease.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>干眼症模型</kwd><kwd>MMP-9</kwd><kwd>TNF-α</kwd><kwd>维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液</kwd><kwd>炎症介质</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>dry eye disease model</kwd><kwd>MMP-9</kwd><kwd>TNF-α</kwd><kwd>vitamin B<sub>12</sub> eye drops</kwd><kwd>inflammatory mediators</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>国家自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>81460090</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>内蒙古自治区卫生健康委医疗卫生科技计划项目</funding-source><award-id>202201332</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>2023LHMS08005</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>内蒙古医科大学高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目</funding-source><award-id>NYJXGGSJ2024008</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>国家自然科学基金项目（编号：81460090）；内蒙古自治区卫生健康委医疗卫生科技计划项目（编号：202201332）；内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目（编号：2023LHMS08005）；内蒙古医科大学高等教育教学改革研究与实践项目（编号：NYJXGGSJ2024008）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source><award-id>81460090</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Health Science and Technology Program of the Health Commission of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region</funding-source><award-id>202201332</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region</funding-source><award-id>2023LHMS08005</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Higher Education Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University</funding-source><award-id>NYJXGGSJ2024008</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81460090）； Health Science and Technology Program of the Health Commission of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （No. 202201332）； Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region （No. 2023LHMS08005）； Higher Education Teaching Reform Research and Practice Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University （No. NYJXGGSJ2024008）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="9"/><table-count count="5"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="14"/><page-count count="8"/><word-count count="18576"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25071</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-25T09:36:45</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>干眼症（dye eye disease， DED）是指由各种原因导致的泪液质或量异常、泪膜稳定性下降的慢性眼表炎性疾病。两版国际干眼指南<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>均将DED分为3种类型：泪液分泌减少型、蒸发过强型和混合型。混合型DED是临床上最常见的DED，因此，本研究预计采取风扇模拟干燥环境联合皮下注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱来诱导混合型DED模型。</p><p>维生素B<sub>12</sub>在DED治疗中的潜在作用近年来受到关注。有报道<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>称，维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液可能通过增加睫状肌血流量来增加睫状肌的调节灵敏度，增加泪液分泌量，进而缓解视疲劳患者的干眼症状。Yang et al<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>提到维生素 B<sub>12 </sub>雾化治疗DED时，在改善症状和体征方面有显著效果，尤其是在提高泪膜破裂时间和角膜上皮修复方面表现出相对较强的作用，证实了维生素 B<sub>12</sub> 在DED相关角膜上皮损伤修复中的作用。近年来，大量动物实验及临床研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>认为DED是以眼表产生炎症介质和趋化因子为特征的眼表疾病，炎症反应是DED发病的最主要机制。其中，基质金属蛋白酶9（ matrix metalloproteinase-9， MMP-9 ）和肿瘤坏死因子α （ tumor necrosis factor-α， TNF-α ） and 与DED的发病过程密切相关。因此，本研究欲探索维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液对DED小鼠角膜MMP-9和TNF-α表达的影响。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>实验动物的筛选和饲养条件</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">雌性C57BL/6小鼠50只，6～8周龄，体质量18～22 g。研究期间，所有实验动物饲养于恒温环境中（室温22～25 ℃），12 h明暗交替（AM 8：00—PM 8：00）。本研究经内蒙古医科大学附属医院医学伦理委员会批准（伦理批准号：YJS2025053），本研究所涉及的所有实验方法及处理均遵循《赫尔辛基宣言》。</p></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>主要实验试剂及仪器</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">东莨菪碱氢溴酸盐购自上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司，维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液购自日本参天制药有限公司，泪液检测酚红棉线、荧光素钠眼科检测试纸购自天津景明技术开发有限公司，兔抗鼠 MMP-9多克隆抗体、兔抗鼠 TNF-α多克隆抗体购自武汉博士德生物工程有限公司，小鼠MMP-9 和TNF-α ELISA试剂盒购自武汉菲恩生物科技有限公司；眼科显微手术器械购自上海生物科技有限公司，裂隙检查仪011356购自日本拓普康（TOPCON）公司，显微镜玻片扫描仪LV1、组织包埋机购自德国徕卡公司，半自动石蜡切片机S700购自深圳瑞沃德生命科技有限公司。</p></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>实验方法</title><sec id="s1c1"><label>1.3.1</label><title>诱导DED动物模型</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">50只健康雌性C57BL/6J小鼠，于恒温环境、12 h明暗交替的环境中适应性饲养1周后，随机选取40只采用人工模拟的干燥环境（空气湿度30%）联合皮下注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱（0.5 mg/mL，剂量为0.5 mL，TID，持续3周），诱导混合型DED模型；其余10只作为空白组（A组，<italic>n</italic>=10）置于正常湿度房间中正常饲养即可。造模后，测得所有小鼠的基础泪液分泌实验（schirmer Ⅰ test， SIT）、泪膜破裂时间（tear break up time， TBUT）和角膜荧光素染色评分（corneal fluorescence staining score，CFS），筛选造模成功的小鼠入组，入组标准为TBUT（2.5±0.5）s、CFS≥12分<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>。</p></sec><sec id="s1c2"><label>1.3.2</label><title>实验动物分组</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">造模后，根据上述入组标准选取30只DED小鼠模型入组，随机分为3组，分别为B组（模型组，<italic>n</italic>=10）、C组（PBS组，<italic>n</italic>=10）、D组（维生素B<sub>12</sub>组，<italic>n</italic>=10）。A、B组正常喂养，不给予任何处置； C、D组分别用PBS和维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液滴眼治疗，治疗21 d后处死各组小鼠，取角膜组织进行HE染色初步评估各组小鼠角膜组织形态学差异，采用ELISA和免疫组织化学染色法检测各组小鼠角膜组织中MMP-9及TNF-α的表达水平。</p></sec><sec id="s1c3"><label>1.3.3</label><title>SIT实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">由于小鼠配合欠佳，故测量前采取腹腔注射4%水合氯醛（0.1 mL/10 g）麻醉小鼠；由于小鼠结膜囊容量较小，故采用酚红棉线检测泪液分泌量。左手轻轻拉开小鼠下睑，右手用显微镊夹取一根酚红棉线，放置于下睑中外1/3结膜囊内，随后手动闭合小鼠眼睑，计时15 s，取出酚红棉线，用游标卡尺测量酚红棉线由黄色变为红色部分的长度即为泪液分泌量，单位为毫米（mm），测量3次，取平均值记录。</p></sec><sec id="s1c4"><label>1.3.4</label><title>TBUT</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">继上述步骤后，确保小鼠仍处于麻醉状态，右手持荧光素钠眼科检查试纸蘸取少量生理盐水，左手轻轻拉开小鼠下睑，将荧光素染色液滴入结膜囊内，手动使小鼠瞬目数次，荧光素染液在角膜上分布均匀后，将小鼠置于裂隙灯显微镜，先保持小鼠眼睑闭合，随后手动扒开眼睑，此刻计时，观察角膜上出现第一个黑斑的时间，即为TBUT，单位为秒（s），测量3次，取平均值记录。</p></sec><sec id="s1c5"><label>1.3.5</label><title>CFS</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">继上述步骤后，确保小鼠仍处于麻醉状态，在裂隙灯显微镜下用钴蓝光观察小鼠角膜荧光素点染情况，拍照记录并评分，每次由同一人评分。参考Pauly et al<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>的评分方法，将角膜平均分为4个象限，每个象限分5个等级，计分范围0~4分，4个象限共计16分，评分标准见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">表1</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.T001</object-id><label>表1</label><caption><p>角膜荧光素染色评分标准</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.1</label><title>Grading criteria of corneal fluorescein staining</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table1"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">CFS score</th><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Corneal staining</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">0</td><td align="left">Clear， no staining</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">1</td><td align="left">Minor staining， fewer than 30 lesions</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">2</td><td align="left">The number of staining dots exceeds 30， but they do not form a continuous pattern</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">3</td><td align="left">Diffuse staining， no patchy staining</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">4</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">Patchy staining</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-T001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="34.25008392"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-T001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="34.25008392"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s1c6"><label>1.3.6</label><title>制作石蜡切片并进行HE染色</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">4%多聚甲醛固定眼球；将样本置于浓度递增的酒精脱水；清洗后包埋浸蜡；展片、烤片，置于干燥玻片盒内保存，备用。二甲苯脱蜡，各级浓度酒精（高→低）；PBS 返蓝；伊红染色，各级浓度酒精（低→高），二甲苯透明，晾干后用中性树胶封片。</p></sec><sec id="s1c7"><label>1.3.7</label><title>免疫组织化学染色</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">脱蜡水化；3%过氧化氢溶液灭活内源性酶；抗原修复；滴加5%BSA封闭液，将切片放置于湿盒中，再将湿盒放于37 ℃水浴锅中20 min进行封闭；一抗孵育；二抗孵育；滴加DAB显色剂；苏木精染色；1%盐酸酒精分化；脱水；中性树胶封片。</p></sec><sec id="s1c8"><label>1.3.8</label><title>ELISA实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">给予药物治疗21 d后处死各组小鼠并取下角膜，每组10个，放入含 500 μL PBS 的 EP 管中，4 ℃，1 000 r/min 离心 10 min 取上清液。分别设标准品孔、待测样本孔。</p><p>加样；洗板；加生物素-抗体标记工作液；洗板；加HRP-链霉素亲和素洗板；加3，3′，5，5′-四甲基联苯胺（ tetramethylbenzidine，TMB ）显色底物；当标准孔中呈现较明显的蓝色梯度时，即可加反应终止液终止反应，向每孔加入50 μL反应终止液，颜色将由蓝色立即变为黄色；测量吸光度<italic>A</italic>值</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1d"><label>1.4</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">采用 ImageJ 图像分析软件分析免疫组织化学染色图片。采用GraphPad Prism 9.5软件对数据进行分析，符合正态分布的数据以平均值±标准差（<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula><italic>±s</italic>）表示。多组间比较采用单因素方差分析，若满足方差齐则采用Tukey事后检验进行组间多重比较；若方差不齐采用Brown-Forsythe和Welch ANOVA检验进行矫正，多组间两两比较采用Dunnett <italic>t</italic>检验进行显著性分析。采用双因素方差分析比较各组间在不同时间点的差异。在本研究中，以<italic>α</italic>=0.05为检验水准，<italic>P</italic>0.05表示差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>干燥环境联合氢溴酸东莨菪碱诱导DED小鼠模型的效果及评价</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">与A组相比，B组、C组、D组SIT和TBUT均缩短，CFS增加，以上各项指标的差异均有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；B组、C组、D组之间上述各项指标的差异均无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）（<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">表2</xref>）。</p><table-wrap id="T2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.T002</object-id><label>表2</label><caption><p>诱导DED小鼠模型的效果及评价 （<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M2"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>）</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.2</label><title>Efficacy and evaluation of induced dry eye syndrome mouse models （<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M3"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>）</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table2"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Group</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">SIT （mm）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">TBUT （s）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">CFS</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">A</td><td align="center">8.42±0.43<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center">5.48±0.22<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center">0±0<sup> #</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">B</td><td align="center">2.72±0.37<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.46±0.32<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">13.70±0.95<sup>*</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">C</td><td align="center">2.65±0.36<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.40±0.17<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">13.40±0.84<sup>*</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">D</td><td align="center">2.66±0.20<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.38±0.21<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">13.10±1.10<sup>*</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>F </italic>value</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">672.0</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">286.3</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">637.1</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-T002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19582367" height="27.56399918"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-T002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19582367" height="27.56399918"?></graphic></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>A group；<sup> #</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>B group； <sup> </sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>D group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><p>A组角膜清亮，未见分泌物及角膜荧光素着色，B组、C组、D组角膜荧光素均可见明显着色，有少许分泌物（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>）。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>造模后各组小鼠角膜荧光素染色</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 1</label><title>Corneal fluorescein staining of mice in each group after molding</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="140.75833130" height="29.98611259"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="140.75833130" height="29.98611259"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="140.75833130" height="29.98611259"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>DED相关指标的变化分析</title><sec id="s2b1"><label>2.2.1</label><title>SIT实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">不同时间点组内比较：D组SIT逐渐增加，组内不同时间点比较，除处理第7天与第0天无差别外，各时间点较B组和C组增加，但尚未超过A组，且差异均有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；B组SIT除处理第21天与第0天有差异外，其他时间点两两比较差异均无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；A组和C组SIT各时间点组内相比，差异均无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）（<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">表3</xref>和<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>）。</p><table-wrap id="T3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.T003</object-id><label>表3</label><caption><p>各组小鼠不同时间点SIT （mm，<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M4"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>）</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.3</label><title>SIT of mice in each group at different time points （mm，<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M5"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>）</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table3"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Group</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">0 d</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">7 d</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">14 d</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">21 d</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">A</td><td align="center">8.42±0.43<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center">8.45±0.30<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center">8.50±0.29<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center">8.25±0.39<sup>#</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">B</td><td align="center">2.72±0.37<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.55±0.22<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.44±0.23<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.30±0.22<sup>*</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">C</td><td align="center">2.65±0.36<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.69±0.26<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.61±0.26<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.72±0.49<sup>*#</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">D</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">2.66±0.20<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">2.96±0.32<sup>*#</sup></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">5.60±0.35<sup>*#</sup></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">7.32±0.51<sup>*#</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-T003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19584656" height="22.96999931"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-T003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19584656" height="22.96999931"?></graphic></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>A group；<sup> #</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>B group； <sup> </sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>D group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>各组小鼠不同时间点泪液分泌量</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 2</label><title>SIT of mice in each group at different time points</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p><sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05， <sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>0.001 <italic>vs </italic>D group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="70.55554962" height="48.68333054"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="70.55554962" height="48.68333054"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="70.55554962" height="48.68333054"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><p>同一时间点组间比较：治疗前，B组、C组、D组之间SIT差异无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与A组相比，B组、C组、D组各时间点SIT均减少（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；随着治疗时间的延长，D组SIT除治疗第7天与C组差异无统计学意义外，其余各时间点与其他3组差异均有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。</p></sec><sec id="s2b2"><label>2.2.2</label><title>TBUT</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">不同时间点组内比较：A组组内比较除第21天较第0天明显缩短外，其余各时间点组内比较差异均无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）； D组随着治疗时间的延长，TBUT逐渐延长（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；B组和C组内各时间点比较，TBUT变化不明显，差异无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）（<xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">表4</xref>和<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>）。</p><table-wrap id="T4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.T004</object-id><label>表4</label><caption><p>各组小鼠不同时间点TBUT （s，<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M6"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M006.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M006c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>）</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.4</label><title>TBUT of mice in each group atdifferent time points （s，<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M7"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>）</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table4"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Group</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">0 d</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">7 d</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">14 d</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">21 d</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">A</td><td align="center">5.48±0.22<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center">5.15±0.34<sup>*#</sup></td><td align="center">5.10±0.36<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center">4.95±0.37<sup>#</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">B</td><td align="center">2.46±0.32<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.25±0.24<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.28±0.15<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.13±0.28<sup>*</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">C</td><td align="center">2.40±0.17<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.61±0.42<sup>*#</sup></td><td align="center">2.44±0.28<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">2.38±0.30<sup>*</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">D</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">2.38±0.21<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">3.18±0.42<sup>*#</sup></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">3.66±0.27<sup>*#</sup></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">4.57±0.24<sup>*#</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-T004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="22.96999931"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-T004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="22.96999931"?></graphic></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>A group；<sup> #</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>B group； <sup> </sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>D group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>各组小鼠不同时间点泪膜破裂时间</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 3</label><title>TBUT of mice in each group at different time points</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p><sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05， <sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>0.001 <italic>vs </italic>D group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="70.55554962" height="49.03611374"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="70.55554962" height="49.03611374"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="70.55554962" height="49.03611374"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><p>同一时间点组间比较：治疗前，B组、C组、D组之间TBUT差异无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；B组、C组、D组各时间点分别与A组进行比较，TBUT均明显缩短，差异均有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；各时间点组间比较时，D组TBUT比相同时间点B组和C组均延长，但尚未超过A组，且差异均有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。</p></sec><sec id="s2b3"><label>2.2.3</label><title>角膜荧光素染色情况及CFS</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">A组小鼠结膜各时间点均无充血，角膜清亮，无分泌物，角膜无荧光素着色； B组和C组小鼠角膜各时间点均有明显荧光素着色，但区别不明显；在未开始治疗时，D组与A组相比，角膜着色较明显，经过21 d维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液治疗后，角膜情况逐渐较前好转，仅角膜周边有少许荧光素着色，角膜清亮（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>）。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>各组小鼠不同时间点角膜荧光素染色</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 4</label><title>Fluorescein staining of the cornea of mice in each group at different time points</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="130.52777100" height="96.66110992"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="130.52777100" height="96.66110992"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="130.52777100" height="96.66110992"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><p>不同时间点组内比较：随着维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液治疗时间的延长，D组CFS逐渐降低（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；A组和B组各时间点组内比较时，差异无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；C组CFS除第21天与第0天差异有统计学意义外，其他各时间点两两比较差异无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）（<xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">表5</xref>和<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>）。</p><table-wrap id="T5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.T005</object-id><label>表5</label><caption><p>各组小鼠不同时间点CFS （<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M8"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>）</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.5</label><title>CFS of mice in each group at different time points （<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M9"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-M002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>）</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table5"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Group</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">0 d</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">7 d</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">14 d</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">21 d</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">A</td><td align="center">0±0<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center">0±0<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center">0±0<sup>#</sup></td><td align="center">0±0<sup>#</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">B</td><td align="center">13.70±0.95<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">13.20±1.23<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">13.60±1.08<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">14.00±1.33<sup>*</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">C</td><td align="center">13.40±0.84<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">12.70±1.70<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">12.20±0.92<sup>*#</sup></td><td align="center">11.70±1.16<sup>*#</sup></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">D</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">13.10±1.10<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">11.90±1.52<sup>*#</sup></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">8.50±1.27<sup>*#</sup></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">5.80±1.03<sup>*#</sup></td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-T005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="22.96999931"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-T005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="22.96999931"?></graphic></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>A group；<sup> #</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>B group； <sup> </sup><italic>P</italic>0.05 <italic>vs </italic>D group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><fig position="float" id="F5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.F005</object-id><label>图5</label><caption><title>各组小鼠不同时间点角膜荧光素钠染色评分</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 5</label><title>CFS of mice in each group at different time points</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p><sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>0.05， <sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>0.001 <italic>vs </italic>D group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F005.eps" id="Graphic5"><?fx-imagestate width="65.26388550" height="47.97777557"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="65.26388550" height="47.97777557"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="65.26388550" height="47.97777557"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><p>同一时间点组间比较：治疗前，B组、C组、D组CFS之间差异无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05），B组、C组、D组CFS均较A组明显升高，且差异有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液治疗后，D组CFS除第7天与C组差异无统计学意义外，其他各时间点与其他3组差异均有统计学意义，明显较B组和C组降低，但仍较A组高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>角膜组织的形态学变化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">A组角膜上皮表面较为光滑，细胞形态整齐，而B组和C组角膜上皮水肿且细胞的厚度增加，表层上皮出现较大的不规则细胞，角膜基质层中有较多的炎性细胞浸润。相比之下，D组角膜上皮细胞形态较为规整、光滑，角膜组织学形态优于B组和C组，角膜上皮厚度及角膜上皮形态与A组接近（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>）。</p><fig position="float" id="F6"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.F006</object-id><label>图6</label><caption><title>各组小鼠角膜组织HE染色     ×20</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 6</label><title>Hematoxylin and eosin staining of corneal tissue of mice in each group     ×20</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F006.eps" id="Graphic6"><?fx-imagestate width="140.05278015" height="26.81111336"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F006.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="140.05278015" height="26.81111336"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F006c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="140.05278015" height="26.81111336"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>角膜组织中MMP-9和TNF-<bold>α</bold>的浓度变化</title><sec id="s2d1"><label>2.4.1</label><title>ELISA实验结果</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">治疗21 d后各组小鼠角膜组织中MMP-9的浓度变化如下：D组MMP-9的浓度较B组和C组明显下降，但仍比A组高，差异有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。B组、C组、D组角膜组织中MMP-9浓度均较A组高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；B组和C两组角膜组织中MMP-9的差异无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">图7</xref>）。</p><fig position="float" id="F7"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.F007</object-id><label>图7</label><caption><title>ELISA法检测各组小鼠角膜组织中MMP-9和TNF-<bold>α</bold>的浓度</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 7</label><title>Measurement of MMP-9 and TNF-<bold>α</bold> concentrationsin corneal tissue of mice in each group using ELISA</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p><italic><sup>***</sup>P</italic>0.001 <italic>vs </italic>A group； <sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>0.001 <italic>vs </italic>D group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F007.eps" id="Graphic7"><?fx-imagestate width="49.38888931" height="96.66110992"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F007.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="49.38888931" height="96.66110992"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F007c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="49.38888931" height="96.66110992"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><p>治疗21 d后各组小鼠角膜组织中TNF-α的浓度变化如下：D组TNF-α的浓度较B组和C组下降，但仍较A组高，差异均有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；B组、C组、D组角膜组织中TNF-α浓度均较A组高（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；B组和C两组角膜组织中TNF-α的差异无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）。</p></sec><sec id="s2d2"><label>2.4.2</label><title>免疫组织化学染色结果</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">免疫组织化学染色可以对角膜组织中的MMP-9和TNF-α的表达进行初步定位、定量、定性评估，阳性产物染为棕黄色（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">图8</xref>）。</p><fig position="float" id="F8"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.F008</object-id><label>图8</label><caption><title>各组小鼠角膜组织MMP-9和TNF-<bold>α</bold>的表达情况    ×20</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 8</label><title>Expression of MMP-9 and TNF-<bold>α</bold> in corneal tissue of mice in each group    ×20</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>The black arrow indicates a positive staining result.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F008.eps" id="Graphic8"><?fx-imagestate width="150.28332520" height="63.85277557"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F008.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="150.28332520" height="63.85277557"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F008c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="150.28332520" height="63.85277557"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><p>与A组相比，B组、C组、D组角膜组织中MMP-9和TNF-α的表达水平均显著增加（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；与B组和C组相比，D组MMP-9和TNF-α的表达水平均显著下降（<italic>P</italic>0.05）；B组和C组之间相比，MMP-9和TNF-α的表达水平差异均无统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>0.05）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">图9</xref>）。</p><fig position="float" id="F9"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.006.F009</object-id><label>图9</label><caption><title>免疫组织化学染色法检测各组小鼠角膜组织中MMP-9和TNF-<bold>α</bold>的表达水平</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 9</label><title>Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect theexpression levels of MMP-9 and TNF-<bold>α</bold> in the cornealtissues of mice in each group</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p><italic><sup>***</sup>P</italic>0.001 <italic>vs </italic>A group； <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic>0.01， <sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>0.001 <italic>vs </italic>D group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F009.eps" id="Graphic9"><?fx-imagestate width="51.85833359" height="100.18888855"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F009.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="51.85833359" height="100.18888855"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37918270-F76E-460d-B4B8-2F3FDC097748-F009c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="51.85833359" height="100.18888855"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>在DED发病过程中，眼表炎症的恶性循环会加重角膜上皮的损伤<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>，因此，及时阻断眼表炎症的发生发展具有重要意义。MMP-9是一种重要的蛋白酶，参与干DED的发生发展。MMP-9能够分解角膜上皮细胞的膜蛋白，破坏角膜上皮的完整性，从而影响角膜上皮屏障功能<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>。在MMP-9敲除的小鼠模型中，角膜上皮疾病的发生率显著降低，干眼症状也得以改善<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>。这表明MMP-9不仅参与了DED的病理过程，还可能通过促进细胞凋亡进一步加剧眼表损伤；DED患者眼表组织中TNF-α水平显著升高，且其水平与疾病严重程度呈正相关<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>。TNF-α通过激活多种炎症通路，导致眼表上皮细胞和免疫细胞的活化，进而引发局部炎症反应。这种炎症反应不仅会破坏泪腺组织的正常功能，还会导致泪液分泌减少和泪膜稳定性下降。</p><p>本研究进一步探索了DED模型中MMP-9和TNF-α表达量的关系。在模型组角膜组织中，MMP-9和TNF-α的表达量较空白组明显增加，且空白组和模型组中MMP-9的浓度均较TNF-α高，这提示，在早期DED患者中，可能MMP-9的升高更容易被检测到。另外，经维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液治疗后，MMP-9和TNF-α的浓度均降低，但仍高于空白组，这说明维生素B<sub>12</sub>在降低角膜组织MMP-9和TNF-α的表达方面有一定的作用，但尚未能使其恢复至正常水平，这表明，除此之外可能还有其他作用机制有待探索。</p><p>通过观察，显示维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液能显著改善DED小鼠的多项DED相关指标。与模型组和PBS组相比，经维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液治疗的小鼠，SIT明显增加、TBUT显著延长，角膜荧光素染色阳性区域减少，CFS下降。</p><p>组织学检测进一步证实了维生素B<sub>12</sub>的治疗效果。HE染色表明了维生素B<sub>12</sub>组小鼠的角膜上皮形态更为规整；同时，ELISA和免疫组织化学染色结果表明，该组角膜组织中MMP-9和TNF-α的表达量相较于模型组显著降低。而PBS组与模型组相比，MMP-9和TNF-α的表达水平几乎无差别。这表明，维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液可能通过降低角膜组织中MMP-9和TNF-α的表达量缓解干眼症状。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>表明DED与氧化应激存在关联，而透明质酸/维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液能够减轻氧化应激和炎症反应，从而改善干眼症状。这些研究结果与本研究相似，均证实了维生素B<sub>12</sub>能够抑制炎症反应，对缓解DED具有积极作用。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><article-title>The definition and classification of dry eye disease： report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop （2007）</article-title>［J］. <source>Ocul Surf</source>， <year>2007</year>， <volume>5</volume>（<issue>2</issue>）： <fpage>75</fpage>-<lpage>92</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1542-0124（12）70081-2">10.1016/s1542-0124（12）70081-2</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Craig</surname><given-names>J P</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Nichols</surname><given-names>K K</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Akpek</surname><given-names>E K</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>TFOS DEWS II definition and classification report</article-title>［J］. <source>Ocul Surf</source>， <year>2017</year>， <volume>15</volume>（<issue>3</issue>）： <fpage>276</fpage>-<lpage>83</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.008">10.1016/j.jtos.2017.05.008</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group><string-name>郭　嫱</string-name>， <string-name>杨洪滨</string-name>， <string-name>冯卓蕾</string-name></person-group>. <article-title>维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液缓解视频终端视疲劳的临床观察</article-title>［J］. <source>国际眼科杂志</source>， <year>2016</year>， <volume>16</volume>（<issue>7</issue>）： <fpage>1329</fpage>-<lpage>31</lpage>. <comment>doi： <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10．3980/j．issn．1672-5123．2016．7．32">10．3980 / j．issn．1672-5123．2016．7．32</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>Q</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>H B</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Feng</surname><given-names>Z L</given-names></name></person-group>. <article-title>Clinical observation of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> eye drops for vision fatigue caused by visual display terminals</article-title>［J］. <source>Int Eye Sci</source>， <year>2016</year>， <volume>16</volume>（<issue>7</issue>）： <fpage>1329</fpage>-<lpage>31</lpage>. <comment>doi： <ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10．3980/j．issn．1672-5123．2016．7．32">10．3980 / j．issn．1672-5123．2016．7．32</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="R4"><label>4</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>A new approach of ocular nebulization with vitamin B<sub>12</sub> versus oxytocin for the treatment of dry eye disease： an <italic>in vivo</italic> confocal microscopy study</article-title>［J］. <source>Drug Des Devel Ther</source>， <year>2019</year>， <volume>13</volume>： <fpage>2381</fpage>-<lpage>91</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S203464">10.2147/DDDT.S203464</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R5"><label>5</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>H H</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>W Y</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Y H</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>Interleukin-20 is involved in dry eye disease and is a potential therapeutic target</article-title>［J］. <source>J Biomed Sci</source>， <year>2022</year>， <volume>29</volume>（<issue>1</issue>）： <fpage>36</fpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12929-022-00821-2">10.1186/s12929-022-00821-2</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R6"><label>6</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Menon</surname><given-names>N G</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Goyal</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Lema</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>Proteoglycan 4 （PRG4） expression and function in dry eye associated inflammation</article-title>［J］. <source>Exp Eye Res</source>， <year>2021</year>， <volume>208</volume>： <fpage>108628</fpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2021.108628">10.1016/j.exer.2021. 108628</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group><string-name>王彦方</string-name></person-group>. <article-title>碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对干眼小鼠模型眼表白细胞介素-10和白细胞介素-1β蛋白表达的影响</article-title>［J］. <source>中国临床药理学杂志</source>， <year>2018</year>， <volume>34</volume>（<issue>14</issue>）： <fpage>1671</fpage>-<lpage>4</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2018.14.025">10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2018.14.025</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Y F</given-names></name></person-group>. <article-title>Effects of basic fibroblast growth factor on the expression of interleukin-10 and interleukin-1β in ocular surface of dry eye mice model</article-title>［J］. <source>Chin J Clin Pharmacol</source>， <year>2018</year>， <volume>34</volume>（<issue>14</issue>）： <fpage>1671</fpage>-<lpage>4</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2018.14.025">10.13699/j.cnki.1001-6821.2018.14.025</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="R8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation publication-type="thesis" publication-format="print"><person-group><string-name>夏金丹</string-name></person-group>. <article-title>S100A8/A9激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控眼表鳞状上皮化生的机制研究</article-title>［D］. <publisher-loc>衡阳</publisher-loc>： <publisher-name>南华大学</publisher-name>， <year>2021</year>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.27234/d.cnki.gnhuu.2021.000054">10.27234/d.cnki.gnhuu.2021.000054</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation publication-type="thesis" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Xia</surname><given-names>J D</given-names></name></person-group>. <article-title>The mechanism of S100A8/A9 activating Wnt/Β-catenin signaling pathway to regulate squamous <italic>Metaplasia</italic> of ocular surface</article-title>［D］. <publisher-loc>Hengyang</publisher-loc>： <publisher-name>University of South China</publisher-name>， <year>2021</year>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.27234/d.cnki.gnhuu.2021.000054">10.27234/d.cnki.gnhuu.2021.000054</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="R9"><label>9</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Pauly</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Brignole-Baudouin</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Labbé</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>New tools for the evaluation of toxic ocular surface changes in the rat</article-title>［J］. <source>Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci</source>， <year>2007</year>， <volume>48</volume>（<issue>12</issue>）： <fpage>5473</fpage>-<lpage>83</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.06-0728">10.1167/iovs.06-0728</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print"><person-group><string-name>董　慧</string-name>， <string-name>刘　佳</string-name>， <string-name>赵天祺</string-name>， <etal>等</etal></person-group>. <article-title>基于Wnt/β-catenin通路探讨干眼症的发病机制</article-title>［J］. <source>安徽医科大学学报</source>， <year>2024</year>， <volume>59</volume>（<issue>12</issue>）： <fpage>2246</fpage>-<lpage>51</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2024.12.025">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2024.12.025</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Dong</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>T Q</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>The pathogenesis of dry eye disease was explored based on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway</article-title>［J］. <source>Acta Univ Med Anhui</source>， <year>2024</year>， <volume>59</volume>（<issue>12</issue>）： <fpage>2246</fpage>-<lpage>51</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2024.12.025">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2024.12.025</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="R11"><label>11</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Gordon</surname><given-names>G M</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Ledee</surname><given-names>D R</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Feuer</surname><given-names>W J</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>Cytokines and signaling pathways regulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） expression in corneal epithelial cells</article-title>［J］. <source>J Cell Physiol</source>， <year>2009</year>， <volume>221</volume>（<issue>2</issue>）： <fpage>402</fpage>-<lpage>11</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.21869">10.1002/jcp.21869</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R12"><label>12</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Pflugfelder</surname><given-names>S C</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Farley</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Luo</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>Matrix metalloproteinase-9 knockout confers resistance to corneal epithelial barrier disruption in experimental dry eye</article-title>［J］. <source>Am J Pathol</source>， <year>2005</year>， <volume>166</volume>（<issue>1</issue>）： <fpage>61</fpage>-<lpage>71</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440（10）62232-8">10.1016/S0002-9440（10）62232-8</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R13"><label>13</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Shettle</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>McLaurin</surname><given-names>E</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Martel</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>Topical anti-TNFα agent licaminlimab （OCS-02） relieves persistent ocular discomfort in severe dry eye disease： a randomized phase II study</article-title>［J］. <source>Clin Ophthalmol</source>， <year>2022</year>， <volume>16</volume>： <fpage>2167</fpage>-<lpage>77</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S366836">10.2147/OPTH.S366836</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="R14"><label>14</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Macri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Scanarotti</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Bassi</surname><given-names>A M</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>Evaluation of oxidative stress levels in the conjunctival epithelium of patients with or without dry eye， and dry eye patients treated with preservative-free hyaluronic acid 0.15 % and vitamin B<sub>12</sub> eye drops</article-title>［J］. <source>Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol</source>， <year>2015</year>， <volume>253</volume>（<issue>3</issue>）： <fpage>425</fpage>-<lpage>30</lpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-014-2853-6">10.1007/s00417-014-2853-6</ext-link></comment>.</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="citation-format"><p>董慧, 郑华成, 王韦婷, 等. 维生素B<sub>12</sub>滴眼液对干眼症小鼠角膜MMP-9与TNF-<bold>α</bold>表达的影响[J]. 安徽医科大学学报, 2026, 61(03): 424-431.</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="citation-format" xml:lang="en"><p>Dong Hui, Zheng Huacheng, Wang Weiting, et al. Effect of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> eye drops on the expression of MMP-9 and TNF-<bold>α</bold> in the cornea of mice with dry eye disease[J]. Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui, 2026, 61(03): 424-431.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>