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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）03–0416–08</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.005</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V228刘小琳-</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 339.4</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>蛋白质合成在急性肾损伤诱发肌肉萎缩中的作用与机制研究</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The role and mechanism of protein synthesis in muscle atrophy induced by acute kidney injury</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>刘</surname><given-names>小琳</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Xiaolin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>赵</surname><given-names>琼芝</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Qiongzhi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>郭</surname><given-names>斌</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>Bin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>张</surname><given-names>晟</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Sheng</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution>南方医科大学基础医学院细胞生物学教研室</institution>，<city>广州</city>  <postal-code>510515</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Cell Biology， School of Basic Medical Sciences， Southern Medical University</institution>， <city>Guangzhou</city>    <postal-code>510515</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Zhang Sheng</named-content>， E-mail： <email>zhangshengmail@smu.edu.cn</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">刘小琳</named-content>，女，实验师</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">张  晟</named-content>，男，实验师，通信作者，E-mail： zhangshengmail @smu.edu.cn</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-06T16：50：19"><day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-id>14</issue-id><fpage>416</fpage><lpage>423</lpage><page-range>416-423</page-range>    <history><date date-type="received"> <day>15</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date>  </history>  <abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探讨核糖体DNA（rDNA）转录和核糖体生物合成在急性肾损伤（AKI）诱发肌肉萎缩中的作用与机制。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>将8只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为对照组（Ctrl组）、造模组（AKI组），采用顺铂腹腔注射建立AKI小鼠模型。通过检测肌肉质量、肌纤维横截面积（HE染色）及肌肉萎缩相关基因（<italic>Murf⁃1</italic>， <italic>Atrogin⁃1</italic>， <italic>Igf⁃1</italic>）的 mRNA表达水平（qRT-PCR），评估小鼠肌肉萎缩表型。通过嘌呤霉素掺入法（SUnSET）检测体内蛋白质合成速率；通过分析rRNA含量及47S pre-rRNA的表达水平评估核糖体生物合成。利用AKI小鼠血清处理小鼠骨骼肌细胞系分化的肌管（C2C12肌管），通过染色质免疫共沉淀-定量聚合酶链式反应（ChIP-qPCR）和Western blot检测并分析其对rDNA转录、核糖体生成及蛋白质代谢的影响。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>AKI成功诱导肌肉萎缩，表现为小鼠骨骼肌质量显著下降，其中趾伸长肌质量下降最显著（21.0 %，<italic>P</italic>0.01），肌纤维横截面积呈下降趋势。分子机制上，AKI抑制肌肉蛋白质合成（嘌呤霉素掺入减少83.14 %，<italic> P</italic>0.000 1），并阻碍核糖体生物合成，具体表现为rDNA转录延伸受阻（47S pre-rRNA ITS-1水平下降52.62 %， <italic>P</italic>0.01）和总rRNA含量降低（65.29 %，<italic>P</italic>0.000 1）。不同的是，AKI小鼠血清在体外却能促进肌管的rDNA转录起始和蛋白质合成。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>AKI通过抑制骨骼肌rDNA转录和核糖体生物合成，导致蛋白质合成能力下降，从而引发肌肉萎缩，并且核糖体合成障碍可能在AKI诱发的肌肉萎缩中发挥了关键作用。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the role and mechanism of ribosomal DNA （rDNA） transcription and ribosome biogenesis in muscle atrophy induced by acute kidney injury （AKI）.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Eight male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a control group （Ctrl） and a model group （AKI）. An AKI model was established <italic>via</italic> intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin. Muscle atrophy was phenotypically assessed by measuring muscle mass， myofiber cross-sectional area （HE staining）， and mRNA expression levels of atrophy-related genes <italic>（Murf</italic>-<italic>1</italic>， <italic>Atrogin</italic>-<italic>1</italic>， <italic>Igf</italic>-<italic>1</italic>） using qRT-PCR. <italic>In vivo</italic> protein synthesis rates were determined <italic>via</italic> the SUnSET assay （puromycin incorporation）. Ribosome biogenesis was evaluated by assessing rRNA content and 47S pre-rRNA expression levels. Myotubes differentiated from mouse skeletal muscle cell lines （C2C12 myotubes） were treated with serum from AKI mice， and the effects on rDNA transcription， ribosome biogenesis， and protein metabolism were analyzed using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction （ChIP-qPCR） and Western blot.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>AKI successfully induced muscle atrophy， as evidenced by a significant reduction in skeletal muscle mass. The most pronounced decrease occurred in the extensor digitorum longus muscle （21.0%， <italic>P</italic>  0.01）， along with a trend toward reduced myofiber cross-sectional area. At the molecular level， AKI inhibited muscle protein synthesis （83.14% reduction in puromycin incorporation， <italic>P</italic>  0.000 1） and impaired ribosome biogenesis， manifested by suppressed rDNA transcription elongation （52.62% decrease in 47S pre-rRNA ITS-1 levels， <italic>P</italic>  0.01） and reduced total rRNA content （65.29%， <italic>P</italic>  0.000 1）. In contrast， serum from AKI mice promoted rDNA transcription initiation and protein synthesis in C2C12 myotubes <italic>in vitro</italic>.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>AKI induces muscle atrophy by suppressing rDNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis in skeletal muscle， leading to impaired protein synthesis. Dysregulated ribosome biogenesis may play a critical role in AKI-induced muscle atrophy.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>骨骼肌萎缩</kwd><kwd>急性肾损伤</kwd><kwd>核糖体生物合成</kwd><kwd>蛋白质合成</kwd><kwd>rDNA转录</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>skeletal muscle atrophy</kwd><kwd>acute kidney injury</kwd><kwd>ribosomal biosynthesis</kwd><kwd>protein synthesis</kwd><kwd>rDNA transcription</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>国家自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>82202654</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目</funding-source><award-id>B2024037</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>东莞市社会发展科技项目高水平医院建设专项</funding-source><award-id>20231800928372</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>国家自然科学基金项目（编号：82202654）；广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目（编号：B2024037）；东莞市社会发展科技项目高水平医院建设专项（编号：20231800928372）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source><award-id>82202654</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Medical Science and Technology Research Fund of Guangdong Province</funding-source><award-id>B2024037</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Dongguan Social Development Science and Technology Project： High-Level Hospital Construction Special Program</funding-source><award-id>20231800928372</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>National Natural Science Foundation of China （ No. 82202654 ）； Medical Science and Technology Research Fund of Guangdong Province （ No. B2024037）；Dongguan Social Development Science and Technology Project： High-Level Hospital Construction Special Program （No. 20231800928372）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="6"/><table-count count="1"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="19"/><page-count count="8"/><word-count count="19108"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25071</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-25T09:36:58</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>骨骼肌约占体质量的40%以上，是人体蛋白质的主要储备库，其正常功能对运动、代谢和免疫至关重要<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>。多种病理状态可导致骨骼肌流失，即肌肉萎缩。其中，急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury， AKI）是以肾功能迅速下降为特征的临床综合征<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>，常伴随严重的肌肉萎缩，尤其在危重症患者中更为常见<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>表明，AKI患者在重症监护早期即可出现快速肌肉丢失，并与不良预后密切相关。骨骼肌质量的维持依赖于蛋白质合成与分解的平衡。在AKI状态下，蛋白质周转失衡可能涉及分解过度或合成抑制，但其具体机制尚不明确。</p><p>核糖体作为蛋白质合成的核心机器，其生成受核糖体DNA（ribosomal DNA， rDNA）的转录的严格调控<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>，该过程由RNA聚合酶Ⅰ（RNA polymerase Ⅰ， RNA Pol Ⅰ）催化。rDNA转录效率直接影响核糖体RNA（ribosomal RNA， rRNA）的产量，进而决定细胞的蛋白质合成能力<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>。已有研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>提示，在癌症、心血管疾病等消耗性疾病中，均存在rDNA转录抑制与核糖体生成障碍。然而，在AKI相关肌肉萎缩中，rDNA转录是否受损及其调控机制，目前尚未见系统报道。因此，本研究旨在探讨AKI模型中核糖体生物发生与蛋白质合成的变化，以期为阐明肌肉萎缩机制提供新的视角。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>材料</title><sec id="s1a1"><label>1.1.1</label><title>实验动物与细胞</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">8只8～10周龄C57BL/6小鼠由南方医科大学动物实验中心提供，饲养于南方医科大学实验动物中心，所有动物实验操作均遵循南方医科大学实验动物福利与伦理委员会的规定，并获得批准（伦理编号：SMUL2020141）。饲养环境为SPF级屏障环境，光/暗循环为12 h /12 h，饲养温度（23±2）℃，相对湿度（55±10）%。小鼠的饮食和饮水正常。C2C12小鼠骨骼肌细胞系（C2C12细胞）购自中国科学院细胞库。C2C12在37 ℃，5 % CO<sub>2</sub>及饱和湿度培养箱环境中，用 DMEM 培养基 + 10 % FBS + 1 % 双抗（青霉素和链霉素）进行培养。</p></sec><sec id="s1a2"><label>1.1.2</label><title>主要试剂</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">顺铂（货号：P4394，美国Sigma公司）；嘌呤霉素（货号：B7587，美国APExBIO公司）；阿糖胞苷（货号：S1648，美国Selleck公司）；双抗（货号：15140122，美国Gibco公司）；DMEM高糖培养基（货号：11995065，美国Gibco公司）；胎牛血清（货号：10437028，美国Gibco公司）；马血清（货号：26050088，美国Gibco公司）；RIPA 裂解液（货号：P0013B，上海碧云天生物技术有限公司）；TRIzol（货号：9109，日本TaKaRa公司）；蛋白A/G磁珠（货号：26162，美国Thermo Fisher公司）；BCA 蛋白浓度测定试剂盒（货号：P0012，上海碧云天生物技术有限公司）；EZ-press RNA Purification Kit（货号：B0004D，美国EZB公司）；DNA 抽提试剂（货号：P1012，北京索莱宝科技有限公司）；抗嘌呤霉素抗体（EQ0001，美国Kerafast公司）；Carazzi 染色液苏木精（货号：DH0008，北京雷根生物技术有限公司）；伊红染色液（货号：DH0044，北京雷根生物技术有限公司）；印度墨汁（货号：PH1714，福州飞净生物技术有限公司）；山羊抗小鼠 IgG-HRP（货号：RM3001，北京锐抗生物科技有限公司）；RPA194抗体（货号：sc-48385，美国Santa Cruz公司）；Direct-zol RNA MiniPrep Columns 试剂盒（货号：R2050，美国Zymo公司）；Omni-ECL 化学发光检测试剂盒（货号：SQ202，上海雅酶生物医药科技有限公司）；HiScriptQ RTSuperMix for qPCR（货号：R123-01，南京诺维赞生物科技股份有限公司）；ChanQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix试剂盒（货号：Q341，南京诺维赞生物科技股份有限公司）。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>实验方法</title><sec id="s1b1"><label>1.2.1</label><title>动物模型构建</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用体质量25～27 g的 8～10周龄 C57BL/6雄性小鼠进行AKI造模。小鼠随机平均分为AKI造模组（AKI）和生理盐水对照组（Ctrl）。在造模前一晚，小鼠提前禁水禁食过夜。小鼠按单剂量20 mg/kg顺铂（Stock： 20 mg/mL）进行腹腔注射，给药后 4 h恢复正常饮食和饮水。造模后每天称量小鼠体质量，并于造模 72 h后麻醉小鼠采集外周血、肾脏和肌肉样本等进行后续分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1b2"><label>1.2.2</label><title>肌肉组织收集</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用 1 %戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉小鼠。在手术深度麻醉下采集小鼠小腿的腓肠肌（gastrocnemius， GAST），比目鱼肌（soleus， SOL），跖肌（plantaris，PL），胫骨前肌（tibialis anterior， TA），趾伸长肌（extensor digitorum longus， EDL）肌肉组织。万分之一天平上称重后，将组织迅速转移至组织冻存管并放入液氮中快速冷冻以用于后续分子生物学分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1b3"><label>1.2.3</label><title>小鼠肌肉组织冰冻切片与HE染色</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用冰冻切片机在-20 ℃下进行肌肉冰冻切片，切片厚度 8 μm。复温后的切片用甲醇试剂固定10 min，蒸馏水洗3次；切片浸入苏木精染液中染色10 min，自来水洗去浮色； 0.5 %盐酸乙醇分化 5 s后迅速放入自来水下冲洗待切片上组织返蓝；将切片放入伊红染液中染色 30 s，自来水洗去浮色；将切片依次放入 95 %乙醇 5 min，无水乙醇Ⅰ5 min，无水乙醇Ⅱ5 min，二甲苯Ⅰ5 min，二甲苯Ⅱ5 min脱水透明。随后在通风橱中晾干组织并使用中性树胶进行封片。使用正置显微镜分别在2.5×和10×倍镜下采集肌肉不同区域的图像。</p></sec><sec id="s1b4"><label>1.2.4</label><title>qPCR检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">取各组小鼠肾脏、肌肉组织20～25 mg，加入TRIzol试剂，裂解后得到总RNA。按ChanQ SYBR qPCR Master Mix试剂盒操作，扩增条件为：95 ℃、30 s；95 ℃、10 s，60 ℃、30 s，循环40个周期；95 ℃、15 s，60 ℃、60 s，95 ℃、15 s。并通过比较<italic>C</italic><sub>T</sub>（ΔΔ<italic>C</italic><sub>T</sub>）法将<italic>C</italic><sub>T</sub>值归一化为GAPDH，计算基因相对表达水平。本研究使用的引物序列见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">表1</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.005.T001</object-id><label>表1</label><caption><p>引物序列</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab. 1</label><title>Primer sequences</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table1"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Gene</th><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Primer sequences （5′-3′）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>Kim-1</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： ATGCCCATCTTCTGCTTGTCA</p><p>R： CCTTGTAGTTGTGGGTCTTCT</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>Gapdh</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： ACTGAGCAAGAGAGGCCCTA</p><p>R： TATGGGGGTCTGGGATGGAA</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>5' ETS</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： CCAAGTGTTCATGCCACGTG</p><p>R： CGAGCGACTGCCACAAAAA</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>ITS-1</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： CCGGCTTGCCCGATTT</p><p>R： GCCAGCAGGAACGAAACG</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>TAF-1A</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： GAAGTTCCCGTCGAACCCCA</p><p>R： TATGAGCTTCGCCCTCGGTG</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>TAF-1B</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： GCGCTTGCTGTTTGGGTAAC</p><p>R： CAGCACACTGAGAACAGCGG</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>TAF-1C</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： CACCCTGCGCCCTTCA</p><p>R： GGTCAGGGCCATCAGTCATG</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>TAF-1D</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： CGTCCTTGTCCTAGTCCGGC</p><p>R： CCATCACTTTTCGCGGCCTT</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>TBP</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： GTTTCTGCGGTCGCGTCATT</p><p>R： AGGCCAAGCCCTGAGCATAA</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>TIF-1A</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： ATTTTGAGCGCATTGTGTTGAGC</p><p>R： GGGAGCATCTGGCGACTGTTC</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>UBF</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： CGCGCAGCATACAAAGAATAC</p><p>R： GTTTGGGCCTCGGAGCTT</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>TTF1</italic></td><td align="left"><p>F： AAACGGAAGCATGCCTTCAG</p><p>R： CACGGTAGTACACGAGCTTCCA</p></td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>rDNAp</italic></td><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"><p>F： GACCAGTTGTTCCTTTGAGG</p><p>R： ACCTACTCCAGGTCCAATAG</p></td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-T001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="124.71506500"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-T001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="124.71506500"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s1b5"><label>1.2.5</label><title>嘌呤霉素摄入体内实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用嘌呤霉素掺入法（surface sensing of translation， SUnSET）测定体蛋白合成率。小鼠给药和在AKI造模 72 h后， 经腹腔注射 40 nmol/g体质量的嘌呤霉素。注射后约 45 min，麻醉小鼠并收集肌肉组织，切取约 30 mg小鼠GAST肌肉组织迅速转移至RIPA裂解液中裂解后得到肌肉组织总蛋白。Western blot测定嘌呤霉素的相对强度，PVDF膜上总蛋白的印度墨汁染色作为上样对照。</p></sec><sec id="s1b6"><label>1.2.6</label><title>Western blot和印度墨汁染色实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">按照BCA蛋白测定试剂盒说明书检测肌肉组织总蛋白的浓度，将样品与含有10 % β-巯基乙醇的 5×Laemmli缓冲液以 4∶1的比例混匀，95 °C金属浴中煮沸变性10 min，并保存于-20 °C或立即使用。按照标准操作配制10 %浓度的 SDS-PAGE凝胶，每个样品上样 20 μg。并利用 PVDF 膜进行Western blot实验，用 5 %脱脂牛奶室温封闭 1 h。本研究中使用的一抗是嘌呤霉素抗体（1∶10 000），二抗是山羊抗小鼠IgG-HRP（1∶10 000）。最后用ECL-Plus发光液进行化学发光。根据商品说明书，使用印度墨汁对PVDF膜上的蛋白进行染色作为上样对照，将曝光后的PVDF膜用自来水清洗2遍，将膜浸于含0.1 % 印度墨汁的 TBST中，在室温摇床上过夜染色。再用自来水清洗2遍PVDF膜并晾干。最后用扫描仪对 PVDF膜进行扫描，保存图像。</p></sec><sec id="s1b7"><label>1.2.7</label><title>C2C12细胞培养和肌管诱导培养</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">C2C12细胞使用含10 %胎牛血清（FBS）和1 %青霉素-链霉素（双抗）的DMEM培养基（GM-10）培养。为诱导其分化成肌管，在细胞融合度达90%～100 %时，将培养基更换为含1 %马血清和1 %双抗的DMEM分化培养基（DM）。分化第4天，向培养基中加入终浓度为1 μmol/L的阿糖胞苷（AraC）处理24 h，以清除未分化的成肌细胞。此后，使用含1 %小鼠血清（AKI或对照来源）和1 %双抗的DMEM条件培养基处理成熟的肌管。为检测不同效应，肌管分别经条件培养基处理12、48和72 h。为诱导肌管肥大，在部分实验中使用含20 % FBS和1 %双抗的DMEM培养基（GM-20）进行处理。</p></sec><sec id="s1b8"><label>1.2.8</label><title>细胞样品提取总蛋白</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">RIPA裂解液中预先加入终浓度为1 mmol/L的PMSF；收取条件培养基处理48 h和72 h的细胞样品提总蛋白，用于BCA蛋白浓度测定和 Western blot分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1b9"><label>1.2.9</label><title>细胞样品提取总RNA</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用EZ-press RNA Purification Kit试剂盒纯化条件培养基处理肌管12 h的细胞样品RNA，按上述方法进行qRT-PCR基因定量表达分析。</p></sec><sec id="s1b10"><label>1.2.10</label><title>染色质免疫共沉淀（chromatin immunoprecipitation， CHIP）实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将C2C12细胞诱导分化为肌管，分别用DM、GM-20、1 % AKI小鼠血清条件培养基和1 % Ctrl小鼠血清条件培养基处理6 h。处理后的细胞使用1 %甲醛固定10 min，随后使用FA裂解缓冲液进行裂解，并用超声波剪切细胞裂解液中的DNA，离心后取上清液。使用上清液在琼脂糖凝胶中检测 DNA片段，以确保片段大小在 500 bp到1 000 bp之间，BCA试剂盒检测蛋白浓度。用RPA194抗体对RNA Pol Ⅰ进行免疫沉淀。通过qPCR检测rDNA启动子区（rDNA promoter region， rDNAp）片段，并用倍数富集法（FoldEnrichment）进行数据分析。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">所有数据均以均值±标准差（<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula><italic>±s</italic>）表示。两组之间比较采用非配对双尾<italic>t</italic>检验，多组之间比较采用单因素方差分析并使用Dunnett检验进行事后多重比较，以确定各组间比较的统计学意义。肌肉横截面积分布采用Chi-Square test（卡方检验）。所有统计分析均使用GraphPad Prism 9.0软件。以<italic>P </italic> 0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>AKI小鼠模型的建立</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">注射高剂量 20 mg/kg 顺铂后，小鼠体质量随造模时间延长逐日下降（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>A）：造模 72 h后， 体质量最多下降约6.1 g，占初始体质量的20.4 %。qPCR结果显示，肾脏组织中早期AKI的关键标志物 <italic>Kim⁃1</italic>的 mRNA表达水平急剧上升，与对照组相比升高了约1 468倍（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>B），表明成功诱导AKI模型。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.005.F001</object-id><label>图 1</label><caption><title>AKI小鼠模型的建立</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 1</label><title>Establishment of AKI mouse model</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A：Daily weight loss of mice with acute kidney injury；B：The expression of <italic>Kim-1</italic>， a marker of renal tissue damage， was different between AKI and Ctrl group 72 h after modeling；<sup>****</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.000 1 <italic>vs </italic>0 h group； <sup>####</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.000 1 <italic>vs </italic>Ctrl group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="119.23889923" height="61.38333893"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="119.23889923" height="61.38333893"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="119.23889923" height="61.38333893"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>AKI对小鼠骨骼肌质量及肌纤维横截面积的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">肌肉组织称重结果显示，与对照组相比，AKI小鼠的腓肠肌GAST、PL、SOL、TA和EDL质量均出现下降，降幅分别为12.8%、12.4%、10.5%、11.2%和21.0%（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>A），其中SOL的下降差异无统计学意义（<italic>P </italic>= 0.206 5）。对TA肌肉的HE染色切片分析显示，AKI组肌纤维横截面积分布整体左移，AKI组肌纤维横截面积≤1 200 μm²范围内纤维比例高于对照组，而AKI组肌纤维横截面积≥3 300 μm²范围内比例低于对照组（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>B、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>C）。尽管两组间分布差异无统计学意义（卡方检验<italic>r </italic>= 0.423 0），但AKI小鼠肌纤维呈现缩小趋势。以上结果表明，AKI致小鼠整体肌肉质量降低，并伴随肌纤维面积的减小趋势，提示AKI可诱发骨骼肌萎缩。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.005.F002</object-id><label>图 2</label><caption><title>AKI对骨骼肌质量及肌纤维横截面积的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 2</label><title>The effects of AKI on skeletal muscle mass and myofiber cross-sectional area</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A：Muscle mass of each part of mice in Ctrl and AKI groups；B：Frozen slices of TA muscle were stained with HE， Scale bar =100 μm；C：Statistics of TA muscle cross-sectional area in Ctrl and AKI group；<sup>*</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.05，<sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01 <italic>vs </italic>Ctrl group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="162.63055420" height="62.79444885"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="162.63055420" height="62.79444885"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="162.63055420" height="62.79444885"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>AKI对小鼠骨骼肌蛋白质分解代谢和合成代谢的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">编码肌肉萎缩相关泛素连接酶的 <italic>Murf⁃1</italic>和<italic>Atrogin⁃1</italic>在 AKI小鼠的GAST肌肉中的表达分别是 Ctrl组的28.03倍和26.09倍（<italic>P </italic> 0.000 1）（3A、3B）。胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）在肌肉生长中起着关键作用，检测显示AKI 小鼠 GAST 肌肉中 <italic>Igf⁃1 </italic>的 mRNA 表达下降了 78.47 %（<italic>P </italic>= 0.022 3）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图 3</xref>C）。该结果表明，AKI引起的小鼠肌肉萎缩与肌肉分解代谢增强以及蛋白质合成能力减弱相关。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.005.F003</object-id><label>图 3</label><caption><title>AKI对骨骼肌蛋白质分解代谢和合成代谢的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 3</label><title>The effects of AKI on protein catabolism and anabolism in skeletal muscle</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A-C：Compared with Ctrl group， <italic>Murf-1</italic>， <italic>Atrogin-1</italic>， <italic>Igf-1 </italic>expression in muscle of mice in AKI group was different；<sup>*</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.05，<sup>****</sup><italic>P </italic>0.000 1 <italic>vs </italic>Ctrl group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="131.93890381" height="46.21388626"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="131.93890381" height="46.21388626"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="131.93890381" height="46.21388626"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>AKI对小鼠骨骼肌蛋白质合成及rRNA转录的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">在小鼠取材前 45 min腹腔注射嘌呤霉素，通过Western blot检测嘌呤霉素丰度，显示AKI 显著降低了嘌呤霉素标记的多肽数量（83.14 %， <italic>P </italic> 0.000 1），表明AKI抑制了小鼠肌肉蛋白质合成能力（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>A、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>B）。AKI导致PL肌肉中核糖体 RNA含量显著降低（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>C）， PL肌肉中 RNA总量与肌肉质量的比值则表明 AKI小鼠肌肉中 rRNA含量减少了 65.2 % （<italic>P </italic> 0.000 1，<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>D）。为了评估rDNA转录水平的变化，分别针对 47S Pre-rRNA的外部转录间隔序列 （external transcribed spacer， ETS）和内部转录间隔序列（internal transcribed spacer， ITS）转录区设计了引物。结果表明， rDNA 转录受到显著抑制： 47S Pre-rRNA的转录延伸区段 ITS- 1信号减弱 52.62 %（<italic>r </italic>= 0.000 2）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图 4</xref>E），而 47S Pre-rRNA的 5′端转录区段 ETS信号没有变化（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图 4</xref>F），这说明AKI可能对骨骼肌rDNA转录延伸功能有影响，从而减少核糖体量。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.005.F004</object-id><label>图 4</label><caption><title>AKI对骨骼肌蛋白质合成及rRNA转录的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 4</label><title>The effects of AKI on protein synthesis and rRNA transcription in Skeletal Muscle</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A，B：Indian Ink staining served as the loading control， and Western blot analysis of puromycin-labeled peptides was used to assess skeletal muscle protein synthesis；C：Total RNA was extracted from PL muscle tissue， and analyzed by electrophoresis of non-deformable nucleic acid；D：Percentage of relative rRNA （rRNA/body weight） after AKI modeling compared with Ctrl group；E，F：qPCR was used to detect the expression of 45S pre-rRNA （<italic>ITS-1 </italic>and <italic>5'ETS</italic>）， revealing the changes in the transcription of rDNA；<sup>***</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.001，<sup>****</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.000 1 <italic>vs </italic>Ctrl group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="146.40277100" height="111.12500000"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="146.40277100" height="111.12500000"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="146.40277100" height="111.12500000"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2e"><label>2.5</label><title>AKI对小鼠骨骼肌中Pol <bold>Ⅰ</bold>转录辅助因子表达的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">RNA转录需要多种转录因子参与形成转录起始复合物。与rDNA转录减少相反，参与RNA Pol Ⅰ转录反应的各种辅助性因子表达轻微升高（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图 5</xref>）。其中， AKI 组小鼠肌肉内上游结合因子（upstream binding factor， UBF）的mRNA水平显著高于Ctrl组，其表达升高了51.38 %（<italic>P </italic>= 0.001 5）。启动子选择性因子1复合物（selectivity factor 1 complex， SL1）中除了TATA框结合蛋白（TATA-box binding protein， TBP）表达下降52.26 %（<italic>P </italic>= 0.004 8）外，TATA框结合蛋白相关因子（TATA-box binding protein associated factors， TAFs）的表达升高，其中 TAF- 1A 和 TAF- 1C 分别上升 28.3 %（<italic>P </italic>= 0.020 0）和 29.0 %（<italic>P </italic>= 0.035 3）。TAF-1B 和 TAF-1D 表达略有升高，但差异无统计学意义。</p><fig position="float" id="F5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.005.F005</object-id><label>图 5</label><caption><title>骨骼肌中RNA Pol <bold>Ⅰ</bold>转录辅助因子的表达</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 5</label><title>Expression of RNA polymerase <bold>Ⅰ</bold> transcriptioncofactors in skeletal muscle</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p><sup>*</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.05，<sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01 <italic>vs </italic>Ctrl group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F005.eps" id="Graphic5"><?fx-imagestate width="71.26111603" height="48.68333054"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="71.26111603" height="48.68333054"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="71.26111603" height="48.68333054"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2f"><label>2.6</label><title>AKI小鼠血清对肌管rDNA转录及蛋白质合成的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">采用来自AKI或对照小鼠的1%条件血清处理C2C12分化肌管，检测其对rDNA转录及蛋白质代谢的影响。结果显示，处理6 h后，AKI血清显著促进RNA Pol I在rDNA启动子区的募集（较对照组增加158.00%，<italic>P</italic> = 0.025 2）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>A）。处理12 h后，5′ ETS转录水平升高68.96%（<italic>P</italic> = 0.002 1）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>B），而ITS-1转录无显著变化（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>C）。处理48 h后，rRNA总量增加34.10%（<italic>P</italic> = 0.013 5）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>D）。此外，衡量自噬活性的经典分子指标微管相关蛋白轻链3比值（lightchain3 Ⅱ to Ⅰ ratio， LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ）未发生改变（<italic>P</italic> = 0.315 0）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>E）。最终，AKI血清处理使肌管蛋白质总量增加15.44%（<italic>P</italic> = 0.016 3）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>F），表明其通过促进rDNA转录及核糖体生成增强蛋白质合成，而非抑制自噬途径。</p><fig position="float" id="F6"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.005.F006</object-id><label>图 6</label><caption><title>条件培养基对肌管rDNA转录及蛋白质合成的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 6</label><title>The effects of conditioned medium on rDNA transcription and protein synthesis in myotubes</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A：6-hour conditioned medium treatment was followed by co-immunoprecipitation of Pol I and rDNA promoter fragments using an RPA194 antibody， with enrichment quantified by ChIP-qPCR；B， C：The expression levels of 47S pre-rRNA （<italic>5'ETS </italic>and <italic>ITS-1</italic>） were detected by qPCR after 12-hour conditional medium treatment of the myotubes；D：rRNA accumulation in myotubes after 48-hour conditional medium treatment；E：GAPDH was used as the internal reference， and the relative signal change of LC3-Ⅱ/Ⅰ was analyzed by Western blot；F：The myotubes treated with conditional medium for 72 hours was lysed， and the total protein accumulation was calculated；<sup>*</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.05，<sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01 <italic>vs </italic>Ctrl-s group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F006.tif" id="Graphic6"><?fx-imagestate width="169.78791809" height="92.47986603"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F006.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.78791809" height="92.47986603"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/37DEC98A-E40E-40da-BE26-BDCC0C5A4DEA-F006c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.78791809" height="92.47986603"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>当前研究多数关注于蛋白质降解途径对骨骼肌萎缩的影响，但临床上靶向该途径的治疗手段仍不能有效逆转骨骼肌质量的改变<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>，并且蛋白质降解的长期抑制会对蛋白质质量控制和肌肉性能产生重大影响。因此，本研究关注蛋白质合成在AKI诱发的骨骼肌萎缩中的机制和调控方式。</p><p>本研究首先探究了AKI是否会通过器官间串扰对远处的骨骼肌产生影响。已有研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>提出这种肾脏和骨骼肌的串扰可能介导慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease， CKD）中的肌肉萎缩。尽管对于CKD（包括肾衰竭）患者中肌肉萎缩的机制已经大量研究，但是目前对AKI中的肌肉萎缩知之甚少。基于此，研究结果表明AKI不但会显著降低小鼠体质量，引起小鼠虚弱，还会通过器官间串扰导致肌肉横截面积缩小，肌肉质量下降。由于肌肉质量减少往往与AKI相关的并发症、预后以及死亡风险增加等密切相关，因此，确定导致肌肉质量损失的机制具有重要意义。以往研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R17">17</xref>］</sup>已确定AKI的并发症包括代谢性酸中毒、胰岛素抵抗和炎症等，这些因素可通过激活Caspase-3和泛素蛋白酶体系统（ubiquitin-proteasome system， UPS）刺激肌肉蛋白质水解<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R18">18</xref>］</sup>。AKI小鼠肌肉中<italic>Murf-1</italic>和<italic>Atrogin-1</italic>基因表达急剧升高， 验证了UPS系统在肌肉萎缩中的重要作用，这和既往研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>观点UPS系统中的泛素连接酶通过激活蛋白质的降解从而导致肌肉萎缩一致。而合成代谢基因<italic>Igf-1</italic>表达则大幅度下降，说明了蛋白质合成代谢和分解代谢都是肌肉萎缩中的关键因素。</p><p>核糖体生物合成对调节细胞生长的重要性主要在酵母或肿瘤细胞研究中得到证实<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R19">19</xref>］ </sup>，而很少有研究报道骨骼肌中核糖体生物合成的调节机制，关注疾病状态下骨骼肌中核糖体生物合成调节机制的研究尤为缺乏。本研究结果表明，在 AKI引起的骨骼肌萎缩中，rDNA 转录减少可能是导致rRNA总量减少和蛋白质合成缺陷的主要机制。本研究还表明：① 在体内rDNA转录整体受抑的背景下，测到部分RNA Pol I转录辅助因子（如UBF，TAFs）表达呈反馈性升高；② AKI小鼠血清在体外反而促进了肌管的rDNA转录起始。 对于第①点，本研究推测这可能反映了RNA Pol I试图恢复肌肉核糖体转录功能的负反馈机制。对于第②点，这提示血清中因子复杂，其具体组成及某种信号通路最终决定了骨骼肌的合成代谢命运，仍是尚未解决的关键问题，后续需要进一步的探究。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Sartori</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Romanello</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Sandri</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group>. <article-title>Mechanisms of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy： implications in health and disease</article-title>［J］. <source>Nat Commun</source>， <year>2021</year>， <volume>12</volume>（<issue>1</issue>）： <fpage>330</fpage>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" 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