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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）03–0387–08</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V173李钰雯</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 285.5</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>滁菊总黄酮对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMC的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的电流及蛋白表达的影响</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The effect of Chuju total flavonoids on the current and protein expression of BK<sub>Ca</sub> channels in rat middle cerebral artery VSMC</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>李</surname><given-names>钰雯</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Yuwen</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>王</surname><given-names>潇</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Xiao</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>吴</surname><given-names>淼</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Miao</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>陈</surname><given-names>硕</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Shuo</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>陈</surname><given-names>志武</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Zhiwu</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>安徽医科大学药学科学学院</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>College of Pharmaceutical Sciences， Anhui Medical University</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>     <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label><institution>安徽中医药大学中医学院</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230012</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>School of  Traditional Chinese Medicine， Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>     <postal-code>230012</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">李钰雯</named-content>，女，硕士研究生</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">陈志武</named-content>，男，博士，教授，博士生导师，通信作者，E-mail：<email>ChenZhiWu@ahmu.edu.cn</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-12T10：34：20"><day>12</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-id>14</issue-id><fpage>387</fpage><lpage>394</lpage><page-range>387-394</page-range>  <history><date date-type="received"> <day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date>  </history>  <abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探究滁菊总黄酮（TFCC）舒张脑血管及硫化氢（H<sub>2</sub>S）机制与大鼠大脑中动脉血管平滑肌细胞（VSMCs）上的大电导钙激活钾通道（BK<sub>Ca</sub>）通道的关系，并测定TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道 α 蛋白表达的影响。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>主要采用急性消化的方法分离大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs；全细胞膜片钳的方法来检测BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的大小；采用原代组织贴壁法培养大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs，以及采用Western blot方法来测定蛋白含量的表达。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>全细胞膜片钳实验中，H<sub>2</sub>S供体NaHS（100 μmol/L）及内源性H<sub>2</sub>S均可增强BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流；TFCC（30、90 和 270 mg/L）同样可以激活BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道，并且呈现出一定浓度依赖性。在阻断了内源性H<sub>2</sub>S生成后，TFCC（270 mg/L）对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道仍具有激活作用。在Western blot实验中，各组细胞中均有BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道蛋白中α亚基的表达，但TFCC（30、90 和 270 mg/L）及抑制剂IBTX组均不影响其通道蛋白含量的表达。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>TFCC可以通过促进内源性H<sub>2</sub>S的生成来促进BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的开放，也可以直接激活BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道，从而起到舒张脑血管的作用。但TFCC对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道蛋白的表达无明显影响。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the relationship between the vasodilation and hydrogen sulfide （H<sub>2</sub>S） mechanism of total flavonoids of chrysanthemum （TFCC） and the large conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>- activated K<sup>+ </sup>（BK<sub>Ca</sub>） channels on vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMCs） of the middle cerebral artery in rats. In addition， this study will also investigate the effect of TFCC on the expression of BK<sub>Ca </sub>channel alpha protein in rat middle cerebral artery VSMCs.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The primary method employed was acute digestion to isolate VSMCs from the middle cerebral artery of rats； whole-cell patch-clamp techniques were used to measure BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel currents； primary tissue adherence culture was utilized to cultivate VSMCs from the middle cerebral artery of rats； Western blot were employed to determine protein expression levels.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>In whole-cell patch-clamp experiments， both the H<sub>2</sub>S donor NaHS （100 μmol/L） and endogenous H<sub>2</sub>S enhanced BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel currents. TFCC （30， 90， and 270 mg/L） also activatedBK<sub>Ca</sub> channels and exhibited a certain concentration-dependent effect. Even after blocking endogenous H<sub>2</sub>S production， TFCC （270 mg/L） still activated BK<sub>Ca</sub> channels in VSMCs of the middle cerebral artery in rats. In Western blot experiments， the α-subunit of BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel proteins was expressed in all groups of cells， but TFCC （30， 90， and 270 mg/L） and inhibitor IBTX group did not affect the expression of channel protein content.  </p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>  TFCC can promote the opening of BK<sub>Ca </sub>channels by promoting the generation of endogenous H<sub>2</sub>S， or directly activate BK<sub>Ca</sub> channels， thereby playing a role in relaxing cerebral blood vessels. However， TFCC had no significant effect on the expression of BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel proteins.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>滁菊总黄酮</kwd><kwd>大电导钙激活钾通道</kwd><kwd>血管平滑肌细胞</kwd><kwd>硫化氢</kwd><kwd>全细胞膜片钳</kwd><kwd>Western blot</kwd></kwd-group>    <kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>Chuju total flavonoids</kwd><kwd>large-conductance Ca2<sup>2+</sup> -activated K<sup>+</sup></kwd><kwd>vascular smooth muscle cells</kwd><kwd>hydrogen sulfide</kwd><kwd>whole cell patch clamp</kwd><kwd>Western blot</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目</funding-source><award-id>2023AH050842</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>抗炎免疫药物教育部重点实验室（安徽医科大学）开放课题资助项目</funding-source><award-id>KFJJ-2023-06</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>安徽省高校自然科学研究重点项目（编号：2023AH050842）；抗炎免疫药物教育部重点实验室（安徽医科大学）开放课题资助项目（编号：KFJJ-2023-06）</funding-statement></funding-group>  <funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee</funding-source><award-id>2023AH050842</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Open Project of Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, at Anhui Medical University</funding-source><award-id>KFJJ-2023-06</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee （No. 2023AH050842）； Open Project of Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine， Ministry of Education， at Anhui Medical University （No. KFJJ-2023-06）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="5"/><table-count count="0"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="16"/><page-count count="8"/><word-count count="16307"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25071</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-25T09:36:40</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>缺血性脑卒中作为高致残率、高病死率的脑血管疾病<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>，其病理机制尚未完全阐明，临床治疗存在局限性，因此，寻找和开发新的治疗缺血性脑卒中药物十分重要。滁菊总黄酮（total flavonids of chuzhou chrysanthemum，TFCC）是从中药滁菊提取的黄酮类活性成分，包含槲皮素、木犀草素等化合物<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>。TFCC具有抗大鼠缺血性脑损伤作用，该课题组研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>表明TFCC可通过舒张大鼠脑血管来保护大鼠缺血性脑损伤，但尚不清楚TFCC舒张大鼠脑血管的确切机制。大电导钙激活钾通道（large-conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup> -activated K<sup>+</sup>，BK<sub>Ca</sub>）通道又被称为K<sub>Ca</sub>1.1通道，在血管平滑肌细胞（vascular smooth muscle cells，VSMCs ）中表达尤其高，在平滑肌细胞膜电位稳定中起主要作用，其激活可诱导平滑肌细胞和血管的舒张<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>。内源性H<sub>2</sub>S是一种气体信号分子，在神经和心血管系统生理和病理过程中发挥重要作用<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>。内源性H<sub>2</sub>S作为一种血管活性物质，它可通过BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道介导血管平滑肌细胞的舒张和随后的血管舒张<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>。课题组前期研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>表明杜鹃花总黄酮可促进大鼠脑血管H<sub>2</sub>S的生成，因此，本课题拟研究TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs上BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的电流及 α 蛋白表达的影响，并探究TFCC对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的调控作用与内源性H<sub>2</sub>S的关系。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>材料</title><sec id="s1a1"><label>1.1.1</label><title>实验动物</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">普通SD大鼠雌雄各半，6～7周龄，体质量（220±20）g，均购自安徽医科大学实验动物中心。动物生产许可证号：SCXK（皖）2022-001；动物伦理号：LLSC20220998。大鼠饲养于（23±1）℃且相对湿度在55%～60% 的SPF级动物实验室，实行12 h光照和12 h黑暗循环，所有实验动物均可自由获得水和食物。</p></sec><sec id="s1a2"><label>1.1.2</label><title>主要试剂</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">伊比利亚蝎毒素（iberiotoxin，IBTX）（货号：I275380）购自上海Aladdin生化科技有限公司；NaHS（货号：161527）购自美国Sigma公司；胰酶细胞消化液（货号：C0201）、BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒（货号：P0012S）、凝胶配置试剂盒（货号：P0012A）和青霉素-链霉素溶液（货号：C0222）均购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司；DMEM/F12 1∶1液体培养基（货号：BL305A）和Western一抗稀释液（货号：BL506 A）购自江苏Biosharp公司；K<sub>Ca</sub>1.1通道激活剂NS 1619（货号：GC12547）购自上海宏叶生物科技有限公司；Ⅱ型胶原蛋白酶（货号：2275MG100）购自德国BioFroxx公司；L-半胱氨酸（L-Cysteine，L-Cys）（货号：L804954）购自上海麦克林生化科技有限公司；β-肌动蛋白（beta-actin，β-actin）（货号：AF7018）、大电导钙激活钾通道蛋白α1抗体（calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 antibody，KCNMA1）（货号：DF857）、超敏 ECL发光试剂盒（货号：180-501）、肌动蛋白 α 抗体（anti-alpha smooth muscle actin，Anti-alpha-SMA）（货号：AF 1032）和蛋白分子质量marker（货号：KF 8007）均购自美国Affinity 公司。</p></sec><sec id="s1a3"><label>1.1.3</label><title>主要仪器</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">膜片钳系统1550数模转换器购自美国Molecular Devices公司；1-HL-U夹持器Holder和700B双电极放大器购自美国Molecular Devices公司；MP-285 /R电动微操纵器、P 97程控水平电极拉制仪购自美国Sutter公司。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>实验方法</title><sec id="s1b1"><label>1.2.1</label><title>实验分组及处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">全细胞膜片钳实验中将急性分离的VSMCs随机分为以下几个组别：① control组和IBTX组；② control组、NaHS组和NaHS+IBTX组；③ control组、TFCC 3.3 mg/L组、TFCC 10 mg/L组、TFCC 30 mg/L组、TFCC 90 mg/L组、TFCC 270 mg/L组<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>、NS 1619 组和TFCC 270 mg/L+IBTX组；④ control组、L-Cys组、PPG组、L-Cys+PPG组和L-Cys+IBTX组；⑤ control组、TFCC 270 mg/L+PPG组、TFCC 270 mg/L+PPG+IBTX组。在Western blot实验中，给药满 12 h后观察control组、TFCC 30 mg/L组、TFCC 90 mg/L组、TFCC 270 mg/L组和IBTX组中BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道蛋白含量的变化。</p></sec><sec id="s1b2"><label>1.2.2</label><title>大鼠大脑中动脉平滑肌细胞的急性分离</title><p>选择体质量在（220±20）g的SD大鼠，并用三溴乙醇将其麻醉。大鼠脑组织取出后，于冰上操作分离大脑中动脉，彻底去除血管外周附着组织。放入 0.5 mL的细胞消化液（其中称取胶原酶Ⅱ 0.01 g， 木瓜蛋白酶papain 0.046 g， 牛血清蛋白BSA 0.024 g和DTT 0.008 8 g溶于5 mL无钙PSS溶液）中，用剪刀剪碎，在 37 ℃的水浴中消化 30～40 min，然后吸出上清液，加入 1 mL BSA溶液于离心管中，在冰上静置10 min后吸去上清液。最后用1 mL 无钙PSS缓冲液洗2～3 次，吸去上清液后加入 0.5 mL的无钙PSS，最后在4 ℃冰箱放置 1～2 h。</p></sec><sec id="s1b3"><label>1.2.3</label><title>全细胞膜片钳实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">取一皿细胞，静置40～50 min后，用细胞浴液［含NaCl 140 mmol/L，KCl 5 mmol/L，CaCl<sub>2</sub> 2 mmol/L，MgCl<sub>2</sub> 1.2 mmol/L，HEPES 10 mmol/L，D（+）-Glucose 10 mmol/L，用NaOH调pH值 7.35～7.45］孵育5 min后开始实验。选取入液后电极阻抗为 2～6 MΩ 的电极，封接破膜后，待细胞形成全细胞模式，记录 VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流数据。其中Ag/AgCl 银丝引导的电流信号经膜片钳放大器放大后，通过Clampfit 10.5 软件进行数据处理，其中整个实验过程温度控制在（23±2）℃。</p></sec><sec id="s1b4"><label>1.2.4</label><title>原代大鼠大脑中动脉平滑肌细胞的培养</title><p>取3只或者4只体质量在（220±20）g的普通SD大鼠，雌雄不限。用三溴乙醇将其麻醉，然后用生理盐水对大鼠进行灌流。过程中尽量保持无菌操作，75%乙醇喷洒表面以及器械。用高压过的手术器械剥离大鼠大脑，放入冰的含有PBS和双抗的溶液里，在超净台里剥离大鼠大脑中动脉血管组织，放入培养皿中。随后取一只离心管，把血管移至离心管中，用小剪刀将血管剪碎，然后平铺在T25 培养瓶底部，静置 4～6 h后，待血管组织贴壁牢固后再把T25培养瓶翻个面，并置于 37 ℃、含 5% CO<sub>2</sub>的细胞培养箱中培养4～5 d，然后每隔48 h换1次液。</p></sec><sec id="s1b5"><label>1.2.5</label><title>Western blot实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">当培养瓶中长出血管平滑肌细胞后，经过一次传代到6孔板里，在细胞给药12 h后进行Western blot实验。裂解液（PMSF∶RIPA=1∶100）每孔打入200 µL，在冰上裂解30 min。离心机预冷4 ℃，12 000 r/min，离心20 min。将上清液吸出，转移至另一组EP管内。留10 µL用于测出蛋白浓度。然后用BCA蛋白含量试剂盒测出蛋白浓度。剩下的蛋白上清液中加入蛋白缓冲液（上清液∶缓冲液=1∶4）。蛋白质在 100 ℃、5 min煮变性，-20 ℃冻存。实验前首先需要配胶、上样、电泳、转膜、封闭、孵育抗体和显影。其中Maxik alpha抗体（1∶2 000）和β-肌动蛋白抗体的比例为1∶3 000。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">实验数据以均数±标准差（<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula><italic>±s</italic>）表示且所有数据均<italic>n</italic>=5，使用GraphPad Prism 9.0统计软件进行分析，两组之间均数比较采用<italic>t</italic>检验，多组均数的比较采用单因素方差分析（ANOVA）进行两两比较，<italic>P</italic>0.05表示差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>H<sub>2</sub>S对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的影响</title><sec id="s2a1"><label>2.1.1</label><title>大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的电流鉴定</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流属于电压依赖性通道电流。本实验中BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流测定的钳制电压设定为-60 mV，测试电压从-60 mV开始以 10 mV为一个单位跃迁到 +90 mV，时间间隔为 500 ms，设定的测定程序如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图 1</xref>A所示。在玻璃微电极中灌入BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电极填充液（mmol/L：含K-glutamine 105，KCl 35 ，MgCl<sub>2</sub> 1，CaCl<sub>2</sub> 2.1，Na2ATP 5，EGTA 5.1，HEPES 10，用 5% KOH调节pH值 7.35～7.45）后，当电压达到+90 mV时，从大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中引出一呈电压依赖性的外向电流［电流密度：（36.95 ± 2.39） PA/PF］，并被BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道特异性抑制剂IBTX（100 nmol/L）显著抑制［电流密度：（21.76 ± 2.15 ）PA/ PF，<italic>P</italic>0.01］，IBTX是一种高度的特异性抑制剂，它可通过与BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道结合，明显抑制BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的开放，从而阻断其功能。如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>B所示，表明引出的电流符合BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流为外向电流和电压依赖性的特征，并被特异性抑制剂IBTX阻断，因此，本研究在大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs上记录到的外向电流为BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>外源性H<sub>2</sub>S对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BKCa通道电流的增强作用</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 1</label><title>Enhanced effect of exogenous H<sub>2</sub>S on BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel currents in rat middle cerebral artery VSMCs</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Protocol program settings for BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel； B： Original current diagram of each group； C： Statistical chart showing the relationship between current and voltage in each group； a： control group； b： IBTX group； c： NaHS group； d： NaHS+IBTX group；<sup>*</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.05， <sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01， <sup>***</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.001 <italic>vs</italic> control group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.05， <sup>##</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01<italic> vs</italic> NaHS group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="148.16667175" height="168.62777710"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="148.16667175" height="168.62777710"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="148.16667175" height="168.62777710"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2a2"><label>2.1.2</label><title>外源性H<sub>2</sub>S对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的增加作用</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为了探究外源性H<sub>2</sub>S对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的影响，实验结果如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>C所示，当电压达到+90 mV时，与control组［电流密度：（34.26 ± 1.04） PA/PF］比较，H<sub>2</sub>S供体NaHS（100 μmol/L）可以明显增加大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流［电流密度：（60.70 ± 2.04） PA/PF ，<italic>P</italic>0.001］，但可被加入BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道特异性抑制剂IBTX（100 nmol/L）明显抑制［电流密度：（42.67 ± 1.96） PA/PF，<italic>P</italic>0.01］。结果表明外源性H<sub>2</sub>S可以激活BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道，增加BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流。</p></sec><sec id="s2a3"><label>2.1.3</label><title>内源性H<sub>2</sub>S对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为了进一步探究内源性H<sub>2</sub>S对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的影响，该实验观察了H<sub>2</sub>S合成酶CSE底物L-Cys和抑制剂PPG对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的作用。如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图 2</xref>所示，当电压达到+90 mV时，与control组比较，L-Cys（100 nmol/L）可显著增加大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流［电流密度：（49.75 ± 2.17） PA/PF，<italic>P</italic>0.01］，并且可被BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道阻断剂IBTX（100 nmol/L）明显减弱［电流密度：（37.04 ± 1.54） PA/PF，<italic>P</italic>0.01］；PPG（100 nmol/L）对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流虽然没有明显的影响［电流密度：（32.84 ± 1.28） PA/PF，<italic>P</italic>=0.77］，但可显著地减弱L-Cys增大BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流作用［电流密度：（34.61 ± 2.72） PA/PF，<italic>P=</italic>0.000 1］。结果提示内源性H<sub>2</sub>S可明显增加BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F002</object-id><label>图 2</label><caption><title>内源性H<sub>2</sub>S对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 2</label><title>The effects of endogenous H<sub>2</sub>S on BK<sub>Ca </sub>channels in rat middle cerebral artery VSMCs</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Original current diagram of each group； B： Statistical chart showing the relationship between current and voltage in each group； a： control group；b： L-Cys group； c： PPG group； d： L-Cys+PPG group； e： L-Cys+IBTX group； <sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01 <italic>vs</italic> control group； <sup>##</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01<italic> vs</italic> L-Cys group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="164.39445496" height="87.48888397"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="164.39445496" height="87.48888397"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="164.39445496" height="87.48888397"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的影响及与内源性H<sub>2</sub>S的关系</title><sec id="s2b1"><label>2.2.1</label><title>TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">结果如<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图 3</xref>所示，当电压达到+90 mV时，与control组［电流密度：（34.23 ± 1.85）PA/PF］比较，TFCC 30［电流密度：（40.16 ± 2.23）PA/PF，<italic>P=</italic>0.002，<italic>P</italic>0.01］、90［电流密度：（44.80 ± 1.45）PA/PF，<italic>P</italic>0.01］ 和 270 mg/L［电流密度：（51.18 ± 0.67）PA/PF，<italic>P</italic>0.01］可明显地增强大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中引出的外向电流，且TFCC 30、90和270 mg/L组浓度增大之间差异有统计学意义（<italic>F</italic>=61.12，<italic>P</italic>0.01），其中以 270 mg/L TFCC的增强作用最为明显，并且被BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道阻断剂IBTX（100 nmol/L）显著地减弱［电流密度：（41.69 ± 1.63）PA/PF，<italic>P</italic>0.01］；BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道开放剂NS 1619（10 μmol/L）也有着类似地增强大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的作用。结果表明TFCC可显著地增强大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流，它与NS 1619一样有着类似地增强大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的作用。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F003</object-id><label>图 3</label><caption><title>TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 3</label><title>The effects of TFCC on BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel currents in rat middle cerebral artery VSMCs</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A：Original current diagram of each group； B： Statistical chart showing the relationship between current and voltage in each group； a： control group； b： TFCC 3.3 mg/L group； c： TFCC 10 mg/L group； d： TFCC 30 mg/L group； e： TFCC 90 mg/L group； f： TFCC 270 mg/L group； g： TFCC 270 mg/L+IBTX group； h： NS 1619 group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.05， <sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01 <italic>vs</italic> control group； <sup>##</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01<italic> vs</italic> TFCC 270 mg/L group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="156.63333130" height="105.48055267"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="156.63333130" height="105.48055267"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="156.63333130" height="105.48055267"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b2"><label>2.2.2</label><title>TFCC对增强大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流与内源性H<sub>2</sub>S的关系</title><p>当电压达到+90 mV时，结果显示，TFCC 270 mg/L［电流密度：（53.10 ± 1.27）PA/PF］对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的增强可被H<sub>2</sub>S合酶CSE特异性抑制剂PPG（100 nmol/L）明显减弱［电流密度：（44.69 ± 1.50）PA/PF，<italic>P</italic>0.05］，提示TFCC可通过内源性H<sub>2</sub>S增强大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流。本研究还观察到PPG没有完全取消TFCC对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的增强作用，与control组［电流密度：（32.63 ± 1.72）PA/PF］相比，剩余的电流仍有显著地增大［电流密度：（44.69 ± 1.50）PA/PF，<italic>P</italic>0.05］，可被加用IBTX进一步减弱［电流密度：（36.19 ± 0.98）PA/PF，<italic>P</italic>0.05］，提示TFCC可能对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流还有直接的激活作用。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的影响及与内源性H<sub>2</sub>S的关系</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 4</label><title>The effects of TFCC on BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel currents in rat middle cerebral artery VSMC and its relationship with endogenous H<sub>2</sub>S</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Original current diagram of each group； B： Statistical chart showing the relationship between current and voltage in each group； a： control group； b： PPG group； c： TFCC 270 mg/L group； d： TFCC 270 mg/L+IBTX group； e： TFCC 270 mg/L+PPG group； f： TFCC 270 mg/L+PPG+IBTX group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.05，<sup>**</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01<italic> vs </italic>control group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.05， <sup>##</sup><italic>P </italic> 0.01<italic> vs</italic> TFCC 270 mg/L group； <italic>P</italic>  0.05 <italic>vs</italic> TFCC 270 mg/L +PPG group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="147.81390381" height="121.35555267"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="147.81390381" height="121.35555267"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="147.81390381" height="121.35555267"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道蛋白的影响</title><sec id="s2c1"><label>2.3.1</label><title>平滑肌细胞的鉴定</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">在培养的第 5～6天后，显微镜下观察到血管组织附近开始出现少量呈梭型或长条形细胞。15 d后发现细胞密集排列，形成类似于山峰的形态。20 d左右可以开始传代，传代后的细胞在显微镜下呈现三角形、长梭形或方形的形态。该实验采用免疫荧光技术对传代培养的细胞进行VSMCs表型鉴定。<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>A的荧光显微观察显示，DAPI染色显示细胞核呈蓝色荧光，同时细胞质可见抗α-SMA抗体标记的绿色荧光信号，表明原代培养细胞质中存在血管平滑肌细胞标志物α-SMA，结果证实所培养细胞为大鼠大脑中动脉的血管平滑肌细胞。</p><fig position="float" id="F5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.03.001.F005</object-id><label>图5</label><caption><title>TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的 BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道 <bold>α</bold> 蛋白表达的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 5</label><title>The effects of TFCC on BK<sub>Ca</sub> channel <bold>α</bold> protein expression in rat middle cerebral artery VSMCs</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Identification of primary cultured rat middle cerebral artery VSMCs （immunofluorescence method   ×100）； B： Bands of BK<sub>Ca</sub> protein and β-actin protein； C： Statistical chart showing Western blot result； a： control group； b： TFCC 30 mg/L group； c： TFCC 90 mg/L group； d： TFCC 270 mg/L group； e： IBTX group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F005.eps" id="Graphic5"><?fx-imagestate width="134.40832520" height="88.54722595"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="134.40832520" height="88.54722595"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/1C598429-96E8-4254-B6DC-24217FF82C46-F005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="134.40832520" height="88.54722595"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2c2"><label>2.3.2</label><title>TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的 BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道蛋白表达的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">上述实验探究了TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的电流影响，本研究还采用了Western blot法检测TFCC对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道中最重要的 α 亚基蛋白表达的影响。结果如图 <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>B、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>C所示，各组中均有BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的 α 亚基蛋白的表达。但与control组相比，各剂量TFCC组及IBTX组中的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道蛋白表达含量差异无统计学意义。</p></sec></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>缺血性脑卒中是临床上常见的一种疾病<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>，原因为脑血管管腔病理性狭窄或完全闭塞，引发脑血流供应的减少，甚至停止<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>，因此，促进缺血后的脑血管舒张有助于脑损伤的恢复。TFCC具有一定的扩张脑血管的作用<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>。然而对TFCC扩张脑血管的机制仍有待深入研究。VSMCs中的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道开放可导致细胞内的K<sup>+</sup>外流，使VSMCs超极化和随后的舒张。因此，BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的开放是诱导血管舒张的一种重要的离子通道。为探讨TFCC舒张脑血管的机制，本实验研究了TFCC对与血管张力密切相关BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的作用，并探讨了内源性H<sub>2</sub>S在TFCC促进BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道开放中的作用。</p><p>BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道是一种钙离子依赖性钾通道，主要存在于VSMCs及内皮细胞中，本实验通过Western blot法在大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs也检测到了BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道蛋白的表达。CSE是血管组织中一种主要的H<sub>2</sub>S生成酶，可催化L-Cys生成H<sub>2</sub>S。CSE不仅分布在血管的内皮细胞中<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>，也分布在VSMCs中<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>。本实验不仅表明外源性H<sub>2</sub>S可增强大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>电流，促进BK<sub>Ca</sub>的开放，还表明CSE底物L-Cys可显著地增强大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs的BK<sub>Ca</sub>电流，但可被CSE的特异性抑制剂PPG明显地减弱，表明VSMCs中CSE生成的H<sub>2</sub>S，即内源性的H<sub>2</sub>S也可促进大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中的BK<sub>Ca</sub>开放。</p><p>本实验结果显示，TFCC（30、90、270 mg/L）可以增强大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流，这种增强作用呈一定的浓度依赖性，表明TFCC可以促进BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的开放，这至少是TFCC舒张大鼠脑血管作用的机制之一。</p><p>该课题组前期研究表明TFCC可促进大鼠脑血管中H<sub>2</sub>S的生成，而本文进一步观察了内源性H<sub>2</sub>S在TFCC促进BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道开放中的作用。实验结果显示，H<sub>2</sub>S合酶CSE的抑制剂PPG后对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中的BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流无明显的影响，但可显著地减弱270 mg/L TFCC对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的增加作用，提示大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中CSE生成的H<sub>2</sub>S参与了TFCC促进BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道开放作用。该研究还表明PPG没有完全取消TFCC对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道电流的增加作用，剩余的电流与control组相比，仍有明显的增加，且可被BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道特异性抑制剂IBTX进一步减弱，说明TFCC还有不依赖于内源性H<sub>2</sub>S的直接激活BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道作用。因此，该结果表明TFCC不仅可通过大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中的内源性H<sub>2</sub>S促进BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的开放，对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道还有直接的激活作用。</p><p>细胞膜上的离子通道功能强弱不仅取决于其活性，即通道的开放，也受到其数量的影响。BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道主要由α亚基和β亚基组成，其主要以四聚体的形态和辅助性β亚基按照 1∶1 的比例存在于血管平滑肌细胞上<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">16</xref>］</sup>。因此，本文检测了TFCC对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道主要亚基 α 蛋白表达的影响，结果表明TFCC对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道蛋白表达无明显的影响。提示TFCC可能对蛋白的空间结构造成了改变，改变了其通透性，但对BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的 α 蛋白的表达没有造成影响。</p><p>综上所述，TFCC不仅可通过大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中的内源性H<sub>2</sub>S促进BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的开放，还有直接激活BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道作用，但其对大鼠大脑中动脉VSMCs中BK<sub>Ca</sub>通道的 α 蛋白的表达量无明显影响。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Virani</surname><given-names>S S</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Alonso</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Benjamin</surname><given-names>E J</given-names></name>， <etal>et al</etal></person-group>. <article-title>Heart disease and stroke statistics-2020 update： a report from the American heart association</article-title>［J］. <source>Circulation</source>， <year>2020</year>， <volume>141</volume>（<issue>9</issue>）： <elocation-id>e139-596</elocation-id>. <comment>doi：<ext-link ext-link-type="doi" 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