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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）04–0636–08</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.007</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">3 V222-王金虹   </article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R996</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>金雀异黄酮对依托泊苷诱导软骨细胞衰老的保护作用及其机制</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Protective effect and mechanism of genistein on etoposide-induced chondrocyte senescence</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>王</surname><given-names>金虹</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Jinhong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>陈</surname><given-names>天宇</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Tianyu</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>毛</surname><given-names>丽芳</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mao</surname><given-names>Lifang</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>赵</surname><given-names>英杰</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Yingjie</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>周</surname><given-names>仁鹏</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Renpeng</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>胡</surname><given-names>伟</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Hu</surname><given-names>Wei</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>鲁</surname><given-names>超</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lu</surname><given-names>Chao</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>安徽医科大学药学科学学院</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>School of Pharmacy， Anhui Medical University</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>     <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label><institution>安徽医科大学第二附属医院药物临床试验 研究中心</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230601</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>Drug Clinical Trial Research Center， The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>     <postal-code>230601</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><label>3</label><institution>安徽理工大学第一附属医院药物临床试验研究中心</institution>，<city>淮南</city>  <postal-code>232007</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>3</label><institution>Drug Clinical Trial Research Center， The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Science and Technology</institution>， <city>Huainan</city>     <postal-code>232007</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Lu Chao</named-content>， E-mail： <email>chaolu@aust.edu.cn</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">王金虹</named-content>，男，硕士研究生</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">鲁  超</named-content>，男，硕士，研究员，博士生导师，通信作者，E-mail：<email>chaolu@aust.edu.cn</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-02-09T17：04：12"><day>09</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-id>15</issue-id><fpage>636</fpage><lpage>643</lpage><page-range>636-643</page-range>  <history><date date-type="received">        <day>01</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date></history><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探究金雀异黄酮（Gen）对依托泊苷（etoposide）诱导的软骨细胞衰老的保护作用及其机制。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>采用不同浓度的Gen和etoposide处理C28/I2细胞系，CCK-8法检测细胞活力。用etoposide诱导C28/I2软骨细胞衰老模型，Gen进行干预。采用衰老相关β-半乳糖苷酶（SA-β-gal）染色法检测软骨细胞的衰老阳性率及染色特征。采用蛋白质印迹法（Western blot）、逆转录-定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）和免疫荧光染色法检测过氧化物还原酶6（Prdx6）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1 A（p21）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂2A（p16）表达。使用谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶试剂盒测定谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性。通过分子对接验证Gen与Prdx6的直接结合。最后采用Prdx6-siRNA沉默实验明确Prdx6的功能必要性。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>与etoposide组相比，Gen+etoposide组C28/I2软骨细胞活性升高（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）、软骨细胞衰老相关蛋白p21、p16表达降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）、软骨细胞衰老相关基因<italic>p21</italic>、<italic>p16</italic>的表达降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）、软骨细胞衰老相关蛋白p21、p16的荧光强度降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），SA-β-gal阳性细胞比例降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）。与Control组相比，etoposide组Prdx6表达降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）；与etoposide组相比，Gen+etoposide组Prdx6表达升高（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）。与Control组相比，si-Prdx6组GPx活性降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）；与si-Prdx6组相比，si-Prdx6+Gen组GPx活性升高（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）。分子对接结果显示，Gen与Prdx6活性位点存在氢键相互作用。<italic>Prdx6</italic>敲低后Gen+etoposide+si-Prdx6组软骨细胞衰老相关基因<italic>p21</italic>、<italic>p16</italic>的表达和软骨细胞衰老相关蛋白p21、p16的荧光强度升高 （均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>Gen可通过上调Prdx6表达，抑制etoposide诱导的C28/I2软骨细胞衰老。研究为软骨细胞衰老相关疾病的预防与治疗提供了潜在药物。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the protective effect of genistein （Gen） on etoposide-induced chondrocyte senescence and its underlying mechanism.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The C28/I2 cell line was treated with different concentrations of Gen and etoposide， and the cell viability was detected by the CCK-8 assay. The senescence model of C28/I2 chondrocytes was induced by etoposide， with Gen intervention. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase （SA-β-gal） staining was performed to detect the senescence-positive rate and staining characteristics of chondrocytes. The expressions of peroxiredoxin 6 （Prdx6）， cyclin-dependent kinaseto clarify the functional necessity of Prdx6.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Compared with the etoposide group， the C28/I2 chondrocyte viability significantly increased （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）， the expression ofsenescence-associated proteins p21 and p16 decreased （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）， the expression of senescence-associated genes <italic>p21</italic> and <italic>p16</italic> reduced （both <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）， the fluorescence intensity of senescence-associated proteins p21 and p16 was diminished （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）， and the proportion of SA-β-gal-positive cells decreased （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01） in the Gen+etoposide group. Compared with the Control group， the expression of Prdx6 was downregulated in the etoposide group （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）. Compared with the etoposide group， the expression of Prdx6 was upregulated in the Gen+etoposide group （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）. Compared with the Control group， the GPx activity significantly decreased in the si-Prdx6 group （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）. Furthermore， compared with the si-Prdx6 group， the GPx activity increased in the si-Prdx6+Gen group （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）. Molecular docking results revealed that Gen formed hydrogen bond interactions with the active site of Prdx6. After <italic>Prdx6</italic> knockdown， the expression of senescence-associated genes <italic>p21</italic> and <italic>p16</italic> and the fluorescence intensity of senescence-associated proteins p21 and p16 both increased in the Gen+etoposide+si-Prdx6 group （both <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Gen can inhibit etoposide-induced senescence of C28/I2 chondrocytes by upregulating the expression of Prdx6. This study provides potential drug targets and experimental basis for the prevention and treatment of chondrocyte senescence-related diseases.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>金雀异黄酮</kwd><kwd>Prdx6</kwd><kwd>软骨细胞</kwd><kwd>衰老</kwd><kwd>分子对接</kwd><kwd>依托泊苷</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>genistein</kwd><kwd>Prdx6</kwd><kwd>chondrocytes</kwd><kwd>senescence</kwd><kwd>molecular docking</kwd><kwd>etoposide</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽省卫生健康科研项目</funding-source><award-id>AHWJ2024Aa40016</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>合肥综合性国家科学中心大健康研究院职业医学与健康联合研究中心开放基金项目</funding-source><award-id>OMH-2023-03</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>2208085MH215</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽省中医药传承创新科研项目</funding-source><award-id>2020cczd05</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>安徽省卫生健康科研项目（编号：AHWJ2024Aa40016）；合肥综合性国家科学中心大健康研究院职业医学与健康联合研究中心开放基金项目（编号：OMH-2023-03）；安徽自然科学基金项目（编号：2208085MH215）；安徽省中医药传承创新科研项目（编号：2020cczd05）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Fund programs  Health Research Project of Anhui Province</funding-source><award-id>AHWJ2024Aa40016</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Occupational Medicine and Health Joint Research Project from Institute of Health and Medicine, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center</funding-source><award-id>OMH-2023-03</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province</funding-source><award-id>2208085MH215</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Scientific Research Project of Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province</funding-source><award-id>2020cczd05</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Health Research Project of Anhui Province （No. AHWJ2024Aa40016）； Occupational Medicine and Health Joint Research Project from Institute of Health and Medicine， Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center （No. OMH-2023-03）； Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province （No. 2208085MH215）； Scientific Research Project of Inheritance and Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Anhui Province.（No. 2020cczd05）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="4"/><table-count count="1"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="17"/><page-count count="8"/><word-count count="18474"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25071</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-05-28T11:37:02</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>软骨细胞是关节软骨组织内唯一细胞类型，对细胞外基质合成更新及软骨组织稳态维系至关重要<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>。软骨细胞衰老是软骨退行性疾病的核心驱动因素，可破坏细胞代谢与关节微环境平衡、抑制组织修复能力<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>。靶向干预衰老软骨细胞信号通路可延缓病变进程<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>。氧化应激通过活性氧损伤细胞结构，激活衰老信号通路，加速软骨衰老<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>。过氧化物还原酶6（peroxiredoxin 6， Prdx6）作为过氧化物还原蛋白家族的多功能酶，在抗氧化防御中作用关键<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>表明Prdx6调控衰老与代谢性肌少症的交互作用，还可介导细胞外囊泡对骨关节炎软骨细胞的保护作用。金雀异黄酮（genistein， Gen）是异黄酮类的非甾体植物雌激素<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>。Gen具有抗炎、抗氧化和免疫调节等功能<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>。不同剂量Gen可抑制骨关节炎模型大鼠关节疼痛与炎症，减轻软骨细胞凋亡及软骨破坏<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>。但Gen是否通过调控Prdx6发挥抗软骨细胞衰老作用尚未明确。该文拟探究Gen对依托泊苷（etoposide）诱导的软骨细胞衰老的保护作用及机制，为软骨退行性疾病防治提供潜在靶点与理论依据。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>材料</title><sec id="s1a1"><label>1.1.1</label><title>细胞株</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">软骨细胞系（C28/I2）购自美国ATCC公司。</p></sec><sec id="s1a2"><label>1.1.2</label><title>试剂</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">Gen（CAS编号：446-72-0，纯度≥ 98%）购自上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司；etoposide（CAS号：33419-42-0，纯度：99.62%）购自美国MedChemExpress公司；胎牛血清（货号：086-450）购自南京维森特生物技术有限公司；RIAP裂解液、β-半乳糖苷酶（β-galactosidase， SA-β-gal）检测试剂盒及胰酶（货号：P0013B、C0602、C0201）购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司；CCK-8试剂盒（货号：C0005）购自美国Target MOL公司；抗Prdx6抗体（anti-peroxiredoxin 6 antibody）、抗细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂1A抗体、抗细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂2A抗体（货号：ab73350、ab288213、ab270058）购自美国Abcam公司；β-actin内参抗体、Western blot辣根酶标记山羊抗兔IgG和辣根酶标记山羊抗小鼠IgG（货号：TA-09、ZB-2301、ZB-2305）购自北京中杉金桥生物技术有限公司。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>主要仪器</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">二氧化碳培养箱（型号：371Steri-Cycle）购自美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司；酶标仪（型号：800TS）购自美国BioTek公司；荧光倒置显微镜（型号：AxioVert.A1）购自德国ZEISS公司；电泳仪（型号：EpS 300）购自上海天能科技有限公司；高速冷冻离心机（型号：5424 R）购自德国Eppendorf公司；超净工作台（型号：SW-CJ-1FD）购自苏州净化设备有限公司；实时荧光定量PCR仪（型号：CFX Connect）购自美国Bio-Rad公司。</p></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>方法</title><sec id="s1c1"><label>1.3.1</label><title>细胞培养</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">软骨细胞培养采用含10%胎牛血清和1%双抗（青霉素-链霉素混合液）的高糖DMEM培养基，于37 ℃、5% CO<sub>2 </sub>细胞培养箱中进行。待细胞贴壁生长至培养瓶底铺满时，使用胰蛋白酶消化液进行传代处理，获得的细胞用于后续实验研究。</p></sec><sec id="s1c2"><label>1.3.2</label><title>药物处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将1.69 mg Gen和11.77 mg etoposide分别溶于1 mL DMSO得6.25 mmol/L和20 mmol/L储备液（-20 ℃避光）；用时取1 μL或0.25 μL储备液直接加至1 mL完全培养基，混匀即得6.25 μmol/L Gen或5 μmol/L etoposide工作液，联合组则两个储备液按1 μL+0.25 μL同管稀释至1 mL；弃原培养基后12孔板每孔加1 mL工作液，37 ℃、5% CO₂ 孵育24 h，全程避光。</p></sec><sec id="s1c3"><label>1.3.3</label><title>CCK-8法检测细胞活力</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">首先在96孔板中接种适量细胞悬液，每孔100 μL，加入相应药物处理24 h，待细胞贴壁生长。检测前，每孔加入10 μL CCK-8试剂，轻轻振荡使试剂与培养基充分混匀，避免产生气泡。将培养板置于培养箱中避光孵育1~4 h，待溶液显色反应达到稳定状态后，采用酶标仪在450 nm波长下测定吸光度。</p></sec><sec id="s1c4"><label>1.3.4</label><title>细胞衰老SA-β-gal检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将加药处理好的24孔板细胞吸弃培养液，用PBS润洗3次后，加1 mL含2%多聚甲醛的固定液室温固定15 min，再用PBS漂洗3次。吸净后加现配染色工作液，封口膜密封，于37 ℃、5% CO<sub>2</sub>培养箱避光孵育12~16 h。染色完成后若不立即观察，可移除染色液，加PBS于4 ℃保存。观察时用普通光学显微镜计数蓝色颗粒沉积的衰老阳性细胞，计算其占总细胞数的百分比来量化细胞衰老水平。</p></sec><sec id="s1c5"><label>1.3.5</label><title>实时定量逆转录聚合酶链反应（reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction，RT-qPCR）检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将加药处理好的6孔板软骨细胞，使用TRIzol试剂提取总RNA，测定RNA浓度并评估纯度。通过逆转录反应将RNA成cDNA。在mRNA表达水平检测中，采用两步式PCR扩增策略对目标基因进行特异性扩增。经扩增完成后，运用相对定量算法，精准测算mRNA的相对表达丰度。RT-qPCR合成的基因序列见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">表1</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.007.T001</object-id><label>表1</label><caption><p>RT-qPCR引物序列</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.1</label><title>Sequences of primers for RT-qPCR</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table1"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Gene</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Forward primer （5′-3′）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Revers primer （5′-3′）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>Gapdh</italic></td><td align="left">CAGGAGGCATTGCTGATGAT</td><td align="left">GAAGGCTGGGGCTCATTT</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>Prdx6</italic></td><td align="left">GACTCATGGGGCATTCTCTTC</td><td align="left">CAAGCTCCCGATTCCTATCATC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>p16</italic></td><td align="left">GGAAGGTCCCTCAGACATC</td><td align="left">GCGCTACCTGATTCCAATTC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>p21</italic></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">GACATCTCAGGGCCGAAAAC</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">GAATGAAGGCTAAGGCCAGAAGA</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-T001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19581604" height="25.00000000"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-T001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19581604" height="25.00000000"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s1c6"><label>1.3.6</label><title>Western blot定量分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将加药处理的6孔板软骨细胞，用蛋白裂解液提取蛋白并进行SDS-PAGE电泳。电泳完成后，再转移到聚偏二氟乙烯膜上用5 %脱脂牛奶封闭。然后使用TBST洗膜，加特异性一抗于4 ℃湿盒过夜，次日加入对应种属的二抗（如山羊抗兔/鼠IgG）进行孵育。最后采用增强化学发光或显色底物可视化免疫复合物，利用ImageJ软件量化条带灰度值，获取目标蛋白相对表达量。</p></sec><sec id="s1c7"><label>1.3.7</label><title>免疫荧光染色</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将加药处理好的24孔板软骨细胞，用PBS洗涤3次，4 %多聚甲醛固定30 min。以含0.2% Triton X-100溶液通透细胞膜，1% BSA封闭液孵育1 h。加特异性一抗于4 ℃湿盒过夜，次日避光用Alexa Fluor 488二抗孵育1 h，DAPI复染细胞核10 min，滴抗荧光淬灭剂封片后，立即用荧光显微镜观察采集图像。</p></sec><sec id="s1c8"><label>1.3.8</label><title>Prdx6-siRNA转染</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">当接种达到70% ~80%细胞密度的C28/I2软骨细胞6孔板，吸弃培养液，用PBS洗涤细胞。配制转染体系：取Opti-MEM培养基分别稀释Lipofectamine<sup>TM </sup>3000 试剂和Prdx6-siRNA或阴性对照siRNA，将二者混匀，继续孵育15~20 min形成复合物。把复合物逐滴加入含无血清培养基的细胞孔中，轻轻晃动培养板。放置培养箱转染6 h后更换为完全培养基，加入药物后继续培养即可开展后续实验。</p></sec><sec id="s1c9"><label>1.3.9</label><title>Gen分子与Prdx6蛋白的对接</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">利用Autodock进行分子对接实验，并利用Pymlol和Ligplus进行结果可视化，展示Gen分子与Prdx6蛋白相互作用。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1d"><label>1.4</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">采用Graphpad prism 8.0软件分析数据，计量资料以<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>表示，多组间差异比较采用单因素方差分析，两组间差异的比较采用<italic>t</italic>检验，以<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>Gen对etoposide诱导的C28/I2软骨细胞细胞活力的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">CCK-8法分析结果显示，使用不同浓度的etoposide（1、5、10、20、50 μmol/L）处理C28/I2软骨细胞24 h后，与Control组相比，5 μmol/L 及以上浓度组细胞活性降低，故确定5 μmol/L为造模浓度（<italic>t</italic>=5.39，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>A。用不同浓度Gen处理C28/I2软骨细胞24 h后，与Control组相比，Gen的浓度在25 μmol/L以下，不影响细胞活性，当Gen的浓度≥50 μmol/L则细胞活性下降，提示25 μmol/L为Gen的安全浓度上限（<italic>t</italic>=12.07，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>B。通过使用5 μmol/L etoposide与不同浓度Gen（6.25、12.5、25、50、100 μmol/L）共处理C28/I2软骨细胞24 h后，与etoposide组相比，Gen + etoposide组当Gen的浓度达到6.25 μmol/L 时，细胞活性提高。因此，取6.25 μmol/L浓度Gen用于后续研究（<italic>t</italic>=18.60，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>C。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.007.F001</object-id><label>图 1</label><caption><title>Gen对etoposide诱导的C28/I2软骨细胞细胞活力的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.1</label><title>The effects of Gen on the viability of etoposide-induced C28/I2 chondrocytes</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： The effects of different concentrations of etoposide on the viability of C28/I2 chondrocytes detected by CCK-8 assay； B： Cytotoxicity of different concentrations of Gen on C28/I2 chondrocytes detected by CCK-8 assay； C： Viability of C28/I2 chondrocytes treated with Gen combined with etoposide detected by CCK-8 assay； <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01 <italic>νs</italic> Control group；<sup># </sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05，<sup>## </sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01 <italic>νs</italic> etoposide group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="160.16110229" height="42.33333206"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="160.16110229" height="42.33333206"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="160.16110229" height="42.33333206"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>Gen对etoposide诱导的C28/I2软骨细胞细胞衰老的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为明确Gen对etoposide诱导的C28/I2软骨细胞衰老的影响，采用etoposide诱导建立C28/I2软骨细胞衰老，通过多种方法检测衰老相关指标。Western blot检测结果显示：与Control组相比，etoposide组衰老标志物p21、p16的蛋白表达升高（<italic>t</italic>=8.89，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01；<italic>t</italic>=2.45，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）；与etoposide组相比，Gen+etoposide组衰老标志物p21、p16的蛋白降低（<italic>t</italic>=4.70，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01；<italic>t</italic>=7.24，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05），见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>A-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>C。RT-qPCR法结果显示：与Control组相比，etoposide组衰老标志物<italic>p21</italic>、<italic>p16</italic>的基因表达升高（<italic>t</italic>=8.85、7.93，均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）；与etoposide组相比，Gen+etoposide组衰老标志物<italic>p21</italic>、<italic>p16</italic>的基因表达降低（<italic>t</italic>=3.94、6.05，均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>D、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>E。免疫荧光法结果显示：与Control组相比，etoposide组衰老标志物p21、p16的荧光强度升高（<italic>t</italic>=5.61、30.38，均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）；与etoposide组相比，Gen+etoposide组衰老标志物p21、p16的荧光强度降低（<italic>t</italic>=2.78、<italic>P&lt;</italic>0.05；<italic>t</italic>=13.25，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>F、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">2</xref>G。SA-β-gal染色结果显示：与Control组相比，etoposide组衰老细胞阳性率升高（<italic>t</italic>=14.61，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）；与etoposide组相比，Gen+etoposide组衰老细胞阳性率降低（<italic>t</italic>=5.90，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>H。以上结果提示Gen能有效抑制etoposide诱导的软骨细胞衰老。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.007.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>Gen对etoposide诱导的C28/I2软骨细胞细胞衰老的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.2</label><title>The effects of Gen on etoposide-induced senescence of C28/I2 chondrocytes</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A-C： Western blot analysis of p21 and p16 protein expression in C28/I2 cells in each group； D，E： RT-qPCR detection of <italic>p21</italic> and <italic>p16</italic> mRNA levels； F，G： Immunofluorescence staining showing the fluorescence intensity of p21 and p16    ×200； H： Statistical analysis of the positive rate of senescent cells by SA-β-gal staining    ×200； a： Control group； b： etoposide group； c： Gen group； d： Gen + etoposide group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P&lt;</italic>0.05，<italic><sup>**</sup>P&lt;</italic>0.01 <italic>νs</italic> Control group；<sup>#</sup><italic>P&lt;</italic>0.05，<sup>##</sup><italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01 <italic>νs</italic> etoposide group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="198.50842285"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="198.50842285"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="198.50842285"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>Gen对衰老软骨细胞中Prdx6表达的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">Western blot检测C28/I2软骨细胞衰老相关蛋白Prdx6的表达水平，结果显示，与Control组相比，etoposide组Prdx6的蛋白表达降低（<italic>t</italic>=4.36，<italic>P&lt;</italic>0.05）；与etoposide组相比，Gen+etoposide组Prdx6的蛋白升高（<italic>t</italic>=5.50，<italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>A。RT-qPCR结果显示：与Control组相比，etoposide组<italic>Prdx6</italic>的基因表达降低（<italic>t</italic>=13.77，<italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01）；与etoposide组相比，Gen+etoposide组<italic>Prdx6</italic>的基因表达升高（<italic>t</italic>=4.58，<italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>B。谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase，GPx）活性实验结果显示：与Control组相比，si-Prdx6组GPx活性降低（<italic>t</italic>=5.04，<italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01）；与si-Prdx6组相比，Gen+si-Prdx6组Prdx6的GPx活性提升（<italic>t</italic>=3.55，<italic>P&lt;</italic>0.05），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>C。分子对接实验结果显示，Gen （PubChem CID：5280961）与Prdx6（UniProt ID：P30041）蛋白对接有氢键，结合能-25.104 kJ/mol，证实Gen可能结合Prdx6。见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>D-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>G。综上，Gen可升高Prdx6表达和恢复过氧化物酶活力，从而抑制etoposide诱导的软骨细胞衰老。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.007.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>Gen对衰老软骨细胞中Prdx6表达的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.3</label><title>The effects of Gen on Prdx6 expression in senescent chondrocytes</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Western blot analysis of Prdx6 protein expression in C28/I2 cells in each group； B： RT-qPCR detection of <italic>Prdx6</italic> mRNA levels； C： Determination of GPx activity using a GPx assay kit； D： Overall view of molecular docking between Gen and Prdx6； E： Gen embedded in the active binding region of Prdx6 protein； F： The Genistein-Prdx6 complex maintained conformational stability through multiple hydrogen bond interactions； G： 2D interaction diagram showing that Gen bound to Prdx6； a： Control group； b： etoposide group； c： Gen group； d： Gen + etoposide group； e： si-Prdx6 group； f： si-Prdx6+ Gen group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P&lt;</italic>0.05， <sup>**</sup> <italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01 <italic>νs</italic> Control group； <sup>##</sup><italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01 <italic>νs</italic> etoposide group； <sup>&amp;</sup><italic>P&lt;</italic>0.05 <italic>νs</italic> si-Prdx6 group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="159.80831909" height="72.67222595"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="159.80831909" height="72.67222595"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="159.80831909" height="72.67222595"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>敲低<italic>Prdx6</italic>后Gen对软骨细胞衰老的影响</title><p>通过转染Prdx6-siRNA敲低Prdx6。RT-qPCR实验结果显示：与si-NC对照组相比，si-Prdx6转染组<italic>Prdx6</italic> mRNA水平降低，证实敲低模型构建成功（<italic>t</italic>=5.59，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>A。采用RT-qPCR检测各组细胞<italic>p21</italic>和<italic>p16</italic>的表达，结果显示：与Control组相比，etoposide组<italic>p21</italic>、<italic>p16</italic>表达量升高（<italic>t</italic>=15.73、6.62，均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）；与etoposide组相比，Gen+etoposide+si-NC组<italic>p21</italic>、<italic>p16</italic>表达量降低（<italic>t</italic>=3.51，7.11均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）；与Gen+etoposide+si-NC组相比，Gen+etoposide+si-Prdx6组中<italic>p21</italic>、<italic>p16</italic>的mRNA表达升高（<italic>t</italic>=4.33、7.12，均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>B、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>C。免疫荧光染色法检测各组细胞p21和p16的表达，结果显示：与Control组相比，etoposide组p21、p16表达量升高（<italic>t</italic>=10.75、29.96，均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）；与etoposide组相比，Gen+etoposide+si-NC组p21、p16表达量降低（<italic>t</italic>=7.01、15.48，均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）；与Gen+etoposide+si-NC组相比，Gen+etoposide+si-Prdx6组中衰老标志物p21、p16的荧光强度上升（<italic>t</italic>=4.05、<italic>t</italic>=7.35，均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>D、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">4</xref>E。提示敲低<italic>Prdx6</italic>可以逆转Gen抑制软骨细胞衰老的作用，加剧软骨细胞衰老。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.04.007.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>敲低<italic>Prdx6</italic>后Gen对软骨细胞衰老的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.4</label><title>Impact of genistein on chondrocyte senescence after <italic>Prdx6</italic> knockdown</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： RT-qPCR detection of <italic>prdx6</italic> mRNA levels； B，C： RT-qPCR detection of <italic>p21</italic> and <italic>p16</italic> mRNA levels； D，E： Immunofluorescence staining showing the fluorescence expression intensity of p21 and p16    ×200； a： <italic>si-NC</italic> group； b：si-Prdx6 group； c： Control group； d： etoposide group； e： Gen + etoposide + si-NC group； f： Gen + etoposide+si-Prdx6 group；<sup> △△</sup><italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01 <italic>νs</italic> <italic>si-NC</italic> group； <sup>**</sup><italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01 <italic>νs</italic> Control group； <sup>##</sup><italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01 <italic>νs</italic> etoposide group； <sup>&amp;&amp;</sup><italic>P&lt;</italic>0.01 <italic>νs</italic> Gen+etoposide+si-NC group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="148.16667175" height="191.55831909"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="148.16667175" height="191.55831909"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/B0611E9A-4C0A-4db7-80D0-B6AB657BAB27-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="148.16667175" height="191.55831909"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>衰老是一个复杂的、多方面的过程，靶向DNA损伤及其与衰老的机制联系，将为开发统一的干预措施以抵消与年龄相关的功能障碍和疾病提供合乎逻辑的理论依据<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>。etoposide作为DNA损伤的拓扑异构酶Ⅱ抑制剂，能够抑制蛋白酶体相关基因的表达，致使泛素-蛋白酶体系统功能受损，蛋白酶体活性降低会引发错误蛋白的积累，进而导致氧化应激增强以及细胞稳态失衡，会加速细胞衰老进程<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>。目前有研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>已证实，软骨细胞衰老已被确定为细胞外基质代谢失调的关键事件。当衰老软骨细胞在骨关节组织中积累时，增加骨关节炎等退行性疾病的发生风险。通过靶向调控衰老相关关键信号通路，抑制氧化应激增强并纠正细胞稳态失衡，有助于治疗骨关节退行性疾病。</p><p>氧化应激状态下，过量活性氧可诱导软骨细胞脂质过氧化水平升高，进而加速软骨基质降解、促进软骨细胞衰老<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">16</xref>］</sup>。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>表明，Gen可通过抑制氧化应激信号通路，减少软骨细胞内脂质过氧化反应的发生。本研究中，为深入探究Gen的抗软骨细胞衰老机制，采用etoposide诱导C28/I2软骨细胞构建衰老模型。经鉴定，模型构建成功后，衰老标志物p21和p16表达显著上调；而Gen处理后衰老标志物p21和p16表达显著下降，证实Gen有效抑制软骨细胞衰老。</p><p>Prdx6作为过氧化物还原蛋白家族中具有双重酶活性的独特成员，在调控细胞氧化还原稳态、线粒体能量代谢及抗凋亡信号通路中发挥关键作用<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R17">17</xref>］</sup>。本研究中，etoposide诱导C28/I2软骨细胞衰老中Prdx6表达下降，加入Gen干预后，Prdx6表达上升。通过GPx试剂盒检测结果显示，敲低Prdx6后GPx活性降低；加Gen处理后，GPx活性提升。结合分子对接实验呈现的Gen与Prdx6催化结构域特异性结合现象，证明Gen可靶向Prdx6。然后进一步探究Prdx6在Gen抗软骨细胞衰老过程中的作用，研究采用Prdx6-siRNA介导的基因敲低实验。结果显示，Prdx6敲低后衰老标志物p21、p16的表达量分别升高，表明敲低prdx6可以逆转Gen对软骨细胞衰老的抑制作用。因此推测Gen可能是通过上调Prdx6和GPx活性，维持软骨细胞氧化还原稳态抑制软骨细胞衰老。</p><p>综上所述，Gen可以抑制etoposide诱导C28/I2软骨细胞衰老，其作用机制在于能够靶向<italic>Prdx6</italic>并上调Prdx6表达，提升GPx活性，维持软骨细胞氧化还原稳态，最终显著下调衰老标志物p21与p16的表达水平；而Prdx6作为介导Gen抗软骨细胞衰老效应的关键靶点，<italic>Prdx6</italic>基因沉默会显著削弱Gen的保护作用。这些结果初步阐明了Gen通过靶向调控Prdx6抑制软骨细胞衰老的作用机制。后续研究中一方面完成定点突变或热位移实验以完善分子机制证据链，另一方面构建动物疾病模型，在体内验证Gen的软骨保护作用。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Salhotra</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Shah</surname><given-names>H N</given-names></name>， 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