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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）05–0803–09</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05 002</article-id>    <article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V285-张稳-PRMT5-</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R</subject><subject>735.3+4</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>PRMT5 激活JAK2/STAT3信号通路促进结直肠癌血管生成</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>PRMT5 promotes angiogenesis in colorectal cancer <italic>via</italic> the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>张</surname><given-names>稳</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Wen</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>耿</surname><given-names>永勇</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Geng</surname><given-names>Yongyong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>涂</surname><given-names>喜疆</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tu</surname><given-names>Xijiang</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>姚</surname><given-names>千惠</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yao</surname><given-names>Qianhui</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>郭</surname><given-names>文龙</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>Wenlong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>姚</surname><given-names>博刚</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yao</surname><given-names>Bogang</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>孙</surname><given-names>旭凌</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sun</surname><given-names>Xuling</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>石河子大学第一附属医院胃肠外科</institution>，<city>石河子</city>　<postal-code>832008</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery， The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University， Shihezi</institution>　<postal-code>832008</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label><institution>石河子大学医学院</institution>，<city>石河子</city>　<postal-code>832002</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>Medical College of Shihezi University， Shihezi</institution>　<postal-code>832002</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><label>3</label><institution>新疆生产建设兵团第三师图木舒克市总医院普外科</institution>，<city>图木舒克</city>　<postal-code>844000</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>3</label><institution>Department of General Surgery， General Hospital of Tumxuk City， Third Division， Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps， Tumxuk</institution>　<postal-code>844000</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><label>4</label><institution>新疆生产建设兵团第九师医院普外科，白杨</institution>　<postal-code>831399</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>4</label><institution>Department of General Surgery， The 9th Division Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps， Baiyang</institution>　<postal-code>831399</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Sun Xuling</named-content>， E-mail： <email>tjhsxl@126.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">张稳</named-content>，男，硕士研究生</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">孙旭凌</named-content>，男，副主任医师，硕士生导师，通信作者，E-mail：<email>tjhsxl@126.com</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-13T09：52：53"><day>13</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date>      <history><date date-type="received">       <day>19</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date>  </history><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-id>16</issue-id><fpage>803</fpage><lpage>811</lpage><page-range>803-811</page-range><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探究蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶5（PRMT5）通过Janus激酶2/信号转导及转录激活因子3（JAK2/STAT3）信号通路对结直肠癌（CRC）血管生成的影响。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>结合癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）、基因表达综合数据库（GEO）分析PRMT5在CRC组织中的表达及预后价值，收集105例CRC患者癌组织及癌旁组织标本，免疫组织化学法（IHC）检测PRMT5表达；Western blot检测正常结肠上皮细胞（FHC）及CRC细胞系（RKO、SW480等）中PRMT5蛋白水平。将SW48、LoVo细胞分为NC组、PRMT5干扰组，构建稳定敲低模型后，检测其条件培养基对人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）增殖、周期、迁移及管腔形成的影响；通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应（RT-qPCR）、酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）等分析PRMT5与血管内皮生长因子A（VEGFA）的关系，结合基因集富集分析（GSEA）富集、胞质胞核分离实验验证调控通路。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>PRMT5在CRC组织及细胞系中高表达，与患者不良预后及病理特征相关（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）；PRMT5敲低可显著抑制HUVECs血管生成相关能力（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05），下调VEGFA表达（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）。GSEA提示PRMT5与JAK2/STAT3通路激活相关（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001），PRMT5敲低可抑制JAK2/STAT3活化、STAT3核转位及核内磷酸化STAT3（p-STAT3）水平，进而抑制VEGFA表达。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>PRMT5在CRC中高表达且预示不良预后，通过激活JAK2/STAT3通路促进STAT3核转位及转录活性，驱动VEGFA表达以促进肿瘤血管生成。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the effect of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 （PRMT5） on the angiogenesis of colorectal cancer （CRC） through the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （JAK2/STAT3） signaling pathway.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>The expression and prognostic value of PRMT5 in CRC tissues were analyzed based on the cancer genome atlas （TCGA） and gene expression omnibus （GEO） databases. A total of 105 pairs of cancer tissues and matched adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected from CRC patients， and PRMT5 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）； Western blot was used to detect the PRMT5 protein level in normal colonic epithelial cells （FHC） and CRC cell lines （including RKO， SW480）. SW48 and LoVo cells were divided into negative control （NC） group and PRMT5 knockdown interference group. After the stable knockdown cell models were successfully constructed， the effects of conditioned medium on the proliferation， cell cycle， migration and tube formation abilities of human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs） were detected； the correlation between PRMT5 and vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA） was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （RT-qPCR） and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Gene set enrichment analysis （GSEA） and cytoplasm-nucleus separation assay were performed to verify the regulatory pathway.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>PRMT5 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines， which was significantly correlated with poor prognosis and pathological characteristics of patients （all <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）； PRMT5 knockdown could significantly inhibit the angiogenesis-related abilities of HUVECs （all <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05） and down-regulate the expression of VEGFA （all <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）. GSEA results indicated that PRMT5 expression was significantly associated with the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway （all <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）. PRMT5 knockdown could inhibit the activation of JAK2/STAT3， the nuclear translocation of STAT3 and the protein level of phosphorylated STAT3 （p-STAT3） in the nucleus， thus inhibiting the expression of VEGFA.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>PRMT5 is highly expressed in CRC tissues and indicates poor prognosis of patients. It promotes the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of STAT3 by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and drives the expression of VEGFA to promote tumor angiogenesis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>结直肠癌</kwd><kwd>PRMT5</kwd><kwd>VEGFA</kwd><kwd>JAK2/STAT3信号通路</kwd><kwd>血管生成</kwd><kwd>肿瘤预后</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>colorectal cancer</kwd><kwd>PRMT5</kwd><kwd>VEGFA</kwd><kwd>JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis</kwd><kwd>tumor prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>国家自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>82260521</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>北京科创医学发展基金会项目</funding-source><award-id>KC2023-JX-0186-FQ037</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>兵团指导性科技计划项目</funding-source><award-id>2025ZD038</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>石河子大学第一附属医院“队列研究”建设项目</funding-source><award-id>2025DLYJ08</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>国家自然科学基金项目（编号：82260521）；北京科创医学发展基金会项目（编号：KC2023-JX-0186-FQ037）；兵团指导性科技计划项目（编号：2025ZD038）；石河子大学第一附属医院“队列研究”建设项目（编号：2025DLYJ08）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source><award-id>82260521</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Project of Beijing Science AND Technology Innovation Medical Development Foundation</funding-source><award-id>KC2023-JX-0186-FQ037</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Bingtuan Science and Technology Guiding Program</funding-source><award-id>2025ZD038</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>The “Cohort Study” Construction Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University</funding-source><award-id>2025DLYJ08</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 82260521）； Project of Beijing Science AND Technology Innovation Medical Development Foundation （No. KC2023-JX-0186-FQ037）； Bingtuan Science and Technology Guiding Program （No. 2025ZD038）； The “Cohort Study” Construction Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University （No. 2025DLYJ08）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="5"/><table-count count="2"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="17"/><page-count count="9"/><word-count count="20401"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25091</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-06-30T11:07:36</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>结直肠癌（colorectal cancer， CRC）是中国最常见的五大癌症类型之一，2022年其新发癌症病例数在全国范围内排名第二；其年龄标准化死亡率（age-standardized mortality rate， ASMR）为8.56/10万，位居全国第四<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>。外科R0根治性手术切除为治疗肿瘤-淋巴结-转移分期系统（tumor-node-metastasis， TNM）Ⅰ-Ⅲ期CRC的首选方法，但Ⅳ期转移性或复发性CRC患者很难实现手术根治。传统氟尿嘧啶+奥沙利铂+亚叶酸钙化疗方案（fluorouracil， oxaliplatin and leucovorin， FOLFOX）治疗反应率仅为30%至60%<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>，疗效有限，靶向治疗革新了恶性肿瘤的治疗模式<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>。抗血管内皮生长因子A（vascular endothelial growth factor A， VEGFA）抗体治疗（anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody therapy， anti-VEGF）的核心目的是阻断VEGFA介导的分子通路<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>，个体患者对该治疗产生耐药或敏感性差异的具体机制未完全阐明<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>。蛋白精氨酸甲基转移酶5（protein arginine methyltransferase 5， PRMT5）是一种重要的甲基转移酶<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>，其调控肿瘤血管生成机制尚未明确。该研究通过分析CRC细胞中PRMT5在血管生成中的作用机制，为解决CRC靶向治疗的耐药问题提供新思路。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>细胞培养与试剂</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">CRC细胞系RKO、SW480、HCT116、SW48和LoVo，正常结肠上皮细胞FHC和人脐静脉内皮细胞（human umbilical vein endothelial cells， HUVECs），由华中科技大学附属同济医院分子医学中心馈赠。HCT116细胞培养于含10%胎牛血清（fetal bovine serum， FBS）的McCoy’s 5A培养基； LoVo、RKO、FHC细胞在含10% FBS的DMEM培养基中生长；SW480和SW48细胞培养于含10% FBS的L15培养基；HUVECs则在含10% FBS的1640培养基中培养。甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase， GAPDH） 抗体（sc-137179）、磷酸化Janus激酶2（phosphorylated Janus kinase 2， p-JAK2）抗体（sc-21870） 购自圣克鲁斯生物技术公司（上海）；PRMT5抗体（A19533）购自爱博泰克生物科技有限公司（武汉）；VEGFA抗体（ab1316）购自艾博抗贸易有限公司（上海）；信号转导及转录激活因子3（signal transducer and activator of transcription 3， STAT3）抗体（#9139）、磷酸化STAT3（phosphorylated STAT3， p-STAT3）（Tyr705）抗体（#9145）、Janus激酶2（Janus kinase 2， JAK2）抗体（#3230）购自赛信通生物试剂有限公司（上海）。</p></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>临床组织样本与伦理批准</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">包含105例结直肠癌及其癌旁正常组织的人类结直肠组织芯片由石河子大学医学院病理学教研室馈赠。本项目的书面知情同意书已经获得石河子大学第一附属医院医学伦理委员会的批准（批件号：KJ2022-054-01）。</p></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>构建稳定低表达细胞系</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">利用慢病毒（shPRMT5 和对照组）对 SW48 和 LoVo 细胞进行感染，持续 48 h，随后加入2 μg/mL的嘌呤霉素，直至空白对照组细胞死亡，剩余的贴壁细胞即为稳定细胞，转染序列分别为shPRMT5#1： CCGGCCCATC CTCTTCCCTATTAAGCTCGAGCTTAATAGGGAAGAGGATGGGTTTTTG；shPRMT5#2：GTACCGGCCCAT CAGAGAGGAGCATTTCCTCGAGGAAATGCTCCTCTCTGATGGGTTTTTTG。</p></sec><sec id="s1d"><label>1.4</label><title>制备条件培养基（conditioned medium，CM）</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">LoVo稳定细胞以5×10<sup>3</sup>个/mL的浓度接种在6孔板里，细胞贴壁过夜后，用PBS溶液轻柔洗涤，更换为无血清基础孵育基继续培养，为去除FBS的影响，24 h后1 000 r/min离心5 min，取上清液即获得无血清CM。分别标记为为CM-shNC、CM-PRMT5#1、CM-PRMT5#2，保存于-80 ℃冰箱，以备进行血管生成相关的管腔形成实验，以及VEGFA的酶联免疫吸附试验（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay， ELISA）检测。</p></sec><sec id="s1e"><label>1.5</label><title>生物信息学分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">从癌症基因组图谱（the cancer genome atlas， TCGA）与基因表达综合数据库（gene expression omnibus， GEO）公共数据库筛选不同数据集，用R语言和RStudio平台分析具有显著表达差异显著的基因，随后使用Graphpad Prism 9.5、Origin 2024等软件进行数据可视化，基于PRMT5的表达水平进行基因集富集分析（gene set enrichment analysis， GSEA），相关分析采用GSEA_4.4.0软件完成。</p></sec><sec id="s1f"><label>1.6</label><title>细胞增殖实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">细胞以2 000个/孔的密度植入96孔板，24、48、72 h后，用CCK-8试剂盒（上海碧云天公司）进行孵育，培养持续1 h，用微孔板阅读器测量450 nm波长处的吸光度（absorbance， <italic>A</italic>）。</p></sec><sec id="s1g"><label>1.7</label><title>细胞周期分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将LoVo稳定细胞株用胰酶消化后，1 000 r/min低速离心5 min弃上清液，用80%的乙醇在4 ℃固定过夜，PBS洗涤后，1 000 r/min低速离心5 min洗涤并弃去上清液后，加入200 μL结合缓冲液（Binding buffer）、5 μL碘化丙啶（propidium iodide， PI）和5 μL核糖核酸酶（RNase），充分吹打混匀，在室温下避光静置30 min，最终使用流式细胞术分析细胞周期的分布比例。</p></sec><sec id="s1h"><label>1.8</label><title>Transwell迁移实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">向24孔板的上室加入250 μL无血清培养基（约1×10⁴个细胞），下室加入600 μL含10% FBS的培养基。细胞在培养箱（37 ℃，5% CO<sub>2</sub>）中迁移24 h，之后固定细胞膜，用结晶紫染色，在光学显微镜下观察并计数迁移细胞数量。</p></sec><sec id="s1i"><label>1.9</label><title>体外管腔形成实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将HUVECs与含10%FBS的DMEM培养基混合形成细胞悬液，接种到96孔板的基质胶里，放入CO<sub>2</sub>培养箱培养4 h。监测管状结构的生成情况，采集记录数据。</p></sec><sec id="s1j"><label>1.10</label><title>实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative PCR，qRT-PCR）</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用TRIzol试剂（美国Invitrogen公司）提取总RNA，通过ABI7300系统（美国Applied Biosystems公司）结合SYBR Green PCR Master Mix（大连Takara公司）检测目标基因的mRNA，目的基因的表达水平用GAPDH基因标准化，通过2<sup>-∆∆</sup><italic><sup>C</sup></italic><inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.26999998" height="4.23333359"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.26999998" height="4.23333359"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>方法计算。定量聚合酶链式反应引物序列示例如下，PRMT5（正向：5′-CTGTCTTCCATCCGCGT TTCA-3′；反向：5′-GCAGTAGGTCTGATCGTGTCT G-3′）；GAPDH（正向：5′-ATGGGGAAGGTGAAG GTCGG-3′；反向：5′-GACGGTGCCATGGAATTT GC-3′）；PDGFB（正向：5′-CTCGATCCGCTCCTT TGATGA-3′；反向：5′-CGTTGGTGCGGTCTATGAG-3′）；碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（basic fibroblast growth factor， BFGF）（正向：5′-AGTGTGTGCTAAC CGTTACCT-3′；反向：5′-ACTGCCCAGTTCG TTTCAGTG-3′）；表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor， EGF）（正向：5′-TGTCCACGCAATGTGTCTG AA-3′；反向：5′-CATTATCGGGTGAGGAACAACC-3′）； VEGFA （正向：5′-AGGGCAGAATCATCACGAAGT-3′；反向：5′-AGGGTCTCGATTGGATGGC A-3′）。</p></sec><sec id="s1k"><label>1.11</label><title>胞质胞核分离实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">6孔板每孔加150 μL的buffer A裂解，细胞刮下来，每隔10 min用200 μL枪头轻吹5次，共30 min，每200 μL裂解液加11 μL buffer B，涡旋剧烈振荡5 s，冰上静置1 min，涡旋剧烈振荡5 s，4 ℃离心10 min，吸上清液，即为胞质。沉淀用buffer A 200 μL洗涤1次，4 ℃离心，弃上清液。向沉淀中加buffer C（与buffer A 的比例为1∶2），冰上30 min，期间超声2次，每次2轮。再次4 ℃离心，取上清液，即为胞核。</p></sec><sec id="s1l"><label>1.12</label><title>Western blot</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">采集总蛋白后，用含蛋白酶及磷酸酶抑制剂混合物的NP40裂解液制备，样本通过SDS-PAGE方法分离，转移到PVDF膜上，阻断处理完毕，膜在4 ℃环境里与PRMT5、JAK2、p-JAK2、STAT3、p-STAT3、VEGFA、GAPDH、Histone H3对应靶标一抗孵育过夜，随后，膜与辣根过氧化物酶（horseradish peroxidase， HRP）标记的二抗（稀释比例 1∶5 000）孵育2 h，最后用ECL试剂检测。</p></sec><sec id="s1m"><label>1.13</label><title>ELISA</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">用ELISA试剂盒进行实验，严格按照操作指南逐步操作，对条件培养基（CM-shNC，CM-PRMT5#1，CM-PRMT5#2）里的VEGFA蛋白浓度进行了检测，通过微孔板读数器在450 nm波长测定吸光度（absorbance，<italic>A</italic>₄₅₀）。</p></sec><sec id="s1n"><label>1.14</label><title>免疫组织化学（immunohistochemistry，IHC）</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">肿瘤组织用4%多聚甲醛固定后进行石蜡包埋，石蜡块被切成4 μm厚的切片，切片经过脱蜡、复水、抗原修复和封闭操作，然后在4 ℃下与抗PRMT5抗体培养一夜，次日早晨，样品用辣根过氧化物酶（horseradish peroxidase，HRP）标记的第二抗体孵育，随后用二氨基联苯胺（diaminobenzidine，DAB）显色试剂进行着色反应，最终用光学显微镜采集IHC的代表性图像。由两名经验丰富的病理医师采用双盲法独立评估染色结果。表达水平通过强度评分与比例评分相乘计算得出，其中阳性染色比例评分（1：≤10%；2：&gt;10%~50%；3：&gt;50%~75%；4：&gt;75%。染色强度评分（0：无染色；1：弱；2：中等；3：强）。0~3分为低表达，4分以上为高表达。</p></sec><sec id="s1o"><label>1.15</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">所有实验均独立重复进行至少3次。使用IBM SPSS Statistics 27软件和GraphPad Prism 9.5软件进行统计学分析。两组数据之间的比较采用独立样本<italic>t</italic>检验。多组之间比较采用单因素方差分析（one-way ANOVA），方差齐性时进一步采用Dunnett法进行实验组与对照组的两两比较，方差不齐时则采用Dunnett’s T3法。<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>PRMT5在CRC中高表达且预示不良预后</title><p>GEO公共数据库数据显示，CRC组织中PRMT5的转录水平显著高于正常组织（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001），见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>A、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>B。PRMT5高表达的CRC病人，总生存期（overall survival，OS）和无病生存期（disease free survival，DFS）都比较短，PRMT5高表达和CRC患者的较差预后有关（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>C、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>D。105对配对CRC组织和癌旁正常组织的免疫组化分析显示，PRMT5蛋白在肿瘤细胞内表达强度显著高于邻近正常组织（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），见图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>E、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">1</xref>F、<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">表1</xref>。统计数据显示，PRMT5在肿瘤组织中的高表达与肿瘤直径≥5 cm、分化程度较低、临床分期较晚（Ⅲ/Ⅳ期）以及肿瘤浸润深度增加等不良病理特征相关（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05），见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">表2</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.002.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>结直肠癌 PRMT5 高表达提示预后不良</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 1</label><title>High expression of PRMT5 indicated poor prognosis in colorectal cancer</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A,B: PRMT5 expression difference in tumor <italic>vs</italic> adjacent tissues analyzed based on GEO datasets GSE44076 and GSE21815; C: The effects of PRMT5 on OS analyzed based on TCGA colorectal adenocarcinoma; D: The effects of PRMT5 on DFS analyzed based on GSE92921; E: Comparison of PRMT5 protein expression levels in tumor <italic>vs</italic> adjacent tissues; F: IHC staining of PRMT5 in colorectal cancer and adjacent tissues; <sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001, <sup>****</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 1 <italic>vs</italic> Normal tissue.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="170.39167786" height="93.83889008"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="170.39167786" height="93.83889008"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="170.39167786" height="93.83889008"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><table-wrap id="T1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.002.T001</object-id><label>表1</label><caption><p>癌与癌旁组织PRMT5表达差异</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.1</label><title>Differential expression of PRMT5 in tumorand paracancerous tissues</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table1"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Variable</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Count</th><th align="center" colspan="3" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Expression of PRMT5</th></tr><tr><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">Low</th><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">High</th><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">Percentage of high PRMT5 expression （%）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">Tumor</td><td align="center">105</td><td align="center">21</td><td align="center">84</td><td align="center">80.0</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">Normal</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">105</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">79</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">26</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">24.8</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-T001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19582367" height="22.90000153"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-T001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19582367" height="22.90000153"?></graphic></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><italic>OR </italic>（95%<italic>CI</italic>）=12.15 （6.32-23.34）； <italic>χ²</italic>=64.22， <italic>df</italic>=1， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.002.T002</object-id><label>表2</label><caption><p>PRMT5表达与临床病理特征关系</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.2</label><title>Correlation between PRMT5 expression andclinicopathological characteristics</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table2"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Variable</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Count</th><th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Expression of PRMT5</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;"><italic>χ</italic>² value</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;"><italic>P </italic>value</th></tr><tr><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;"><p>Low</p><p>（<italic>n</italic>=21）</p></th><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;"><p>High</p><p>（<italic>n</italic>=84）</p></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">Gender</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">0.038</td><td align="center">0.845</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Male</td><td align="center">48</td><td align="center">10</td><td align="center">38</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Female</td><td align="center">57</td><td align="center">11</td><td align="center">46</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Age （years）</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">0.155</td><td align="center">0.695</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">&lt;60</td><td align="center">46</td><td align="center">10</td><td align="center">36</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">≥60</td><td align="center">59</td><td align="center">11</td><td align="center">48</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Tumor site</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">0.087</td><td align="center">0.770</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Colon</td><td align="center">47</td><td align="center">10</td><td align="center">37</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Rectum</td><td align="center">58</td><td align="center">11</td><td align="center">47</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Maximum tumor diameter （cm）</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">4.203</td><td align="center">0.041</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">&lt;5</td><td align="center">54</td><td align="center">15</td><td align="center">39</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">≥5</td><td align="center">51</td><td align="center">6</td><td align="center">45</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Cancer differentiation</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">8.791</td><td align="center">0.003</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Well</td><td align="center">7</td><td align="center">4</td><td align="center">3</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Moderately</td><td align="center">84</td><td align="center">17</td><td align="center">67</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Poorly</td><td align="center">14</td><td align="center">0</td><td align="center">14</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Depth of invasion</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">16.172</td><td align="center">&lt;0.001</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">T1</td><td align="center">5</td><td align="center">2</td><td align="center">3</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">T2</td><td align="center">33</td><td align="center">14</td><td align="center">19</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">T3</td><td align="center">35</td><td align="center">4</td><td align="center">31</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">T4</td><td align="center">32</td><td align="center">1</td><td align="center">31</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Lymph node metastases</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">3.015</td><td align="center">0.084</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Negative</td><td align="center">68</td><td align="center">17</td><td align="center">51</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Positive</td><td align="center">37</td><td align="center">4</td><td align="center">33</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">TNM stage</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">13.747</td><td align="center">&lt;0.001</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Ⅰ</td><td align="center">28</td><td align="center">14</td><td align="center">14</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Ⅱ</td><td align="center">37</td><td align="center">3</td><td align="center">34</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Ⅲ</td><td align="center">31</td><td align="center">4</td><td align="center">27</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;text-indent:1em;">Ⅳ</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">9</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">0</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">9</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"/><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"/></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-T002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="77.75997925" height="170.80035400"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-T002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="77.75997925" height="170.80035400"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>PRMT5在CRC细胞系中高表达，构建低表达PRMT5的稳转细胞系</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">Western blot检测证实PRMT5在RKO、SW480、SW48、LoVo等4种CRC细胞系的蛋白表达水平高于FHC。定量统计结果进一步显示其在这4种细胞系中表达显著上调（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 1），其中LoVo（升高至FHC的约3.5倍）和SW48（升高至FHC的约2倍）细胞表现为PRMT5蛋白基础表达量最高的两种细胞系。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>A。基于上述PRMT5高表达的LoVo和SW48细胞系，课题组使用慢病毒介导的RNA干扰技术（shPRMT5 #1/#2），建立了PRMT5持续性敲低的细胞模型。对应定量结果进一步证实，处理组PRMT5相对表达量较shNC组显著降低（均<italic>P </italic>&lt; 0.000 1）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>B。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.002.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>PRMT5 在结直肠癌细胞系的表达及低表达稳转细胞系构建</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 2</label><title>Expression of PRMT5 in CRC cell lines and establishment of stable cell lines with PRMT5 knockdown</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Western blot analysis of PRMT5 protein in 5 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines and FHC cells； B： Western blot analysis of PRMT5 protein in SW48 and LoVo cells after silencing with shNC or shPRMT5#1/#2； <sup>****</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 1 <italic>vs</italic> FHC group； <sup>####</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 1 <italic>vs</italic> shNC group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="154.86944580" height="84.66666412"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="154.86944580" height="84.66666412"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="154.86944580" height="84.66666412"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>PRMT5促进CRC血管生成</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">与CM相比，使用shPRMT5感染LoVo细胞的CM培养的HUVECs增殖能力降低（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>A。经shPRMT5处理的LoVo细胞来源的CM孵育后，HUVECs的细胞周期发生G<sub>2</sub>/M期阻滞，PRMT5调控内皮细胞周期进程从而干扰恶性增殖。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>B。经shPRMT5处理的LoVo细胞来源的CM孵育后，HUVECs的迁移被明显抑制（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>C。经此CM处理后，HUVECs的血管生成结构形成也明显受阻（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>D。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.002.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>PRMT5 促进结直肠癌血管生成</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 3</label><title>PRMT5 promoted angiogenesis in CRC</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of HUVECs cultured with CM from LoVo cells； B： Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle distribution of HUVECs incubated with CM from LoVo cells； C： Transwell assay was used to detect the migration ability of HUVECs treated with CM from LoVo cells； D： Tube formation assay was used to detect the tube formation ability of HUVECs treated with CM from LoVo cells； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05，<sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01 <italic>vs</italic> shNC group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="164.92869568"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="164.92869568"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="164.92869568"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>VEGFA 是PRMT5介导的血管生成的必需因子</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">基于GSE21510数据集和GSE18105数据集分析，GSEA富集分析显示“HALLMARK_ANGIOGENESIS”（血管生成特征）通路在PRMT5高表达CRC样本的GSEA结果里呈现显著的富集信号（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>A。PRMT5敲低会抑制VEGFA的mRNA转录和蛋白分泌水平。qRT-PCR结果显示，敲低PRMT5后降低VEGFA的mRNA转录水平（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01），而PDGFB、EGF、BFGF的mRNA表达水平未见明显变化。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>B。Western blot分析显示，PRMT5敲低导致LoVo细胞内的VEGFA蛋白水平下调。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>C。ELISA检测发现，与对照组相比，PRMT5敲低组（shPRMT5#1和shPRMT5#2）的细胞CM中，VEGFA浓度均显著降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>D。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.002.F004</object-id><label>图 4</label><caption><title>VEGFA 是 PRMT5 介导结直肠癌血管生成的必需因子</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 4</label><title>VEGFA was an essential factor for PRMT5-mediated angiogenesis in CRC</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： GSEA enrichment analysis of PRMT5 high and low expression groups in GEO datasets GSE21510 and GSE18105； B： qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of PDGFB， BFGF， EGF and VEGFA in LoVo cells； C： Western blot analysis of PRMT5 protein in lysates from the above LoVo cells； D： ELISA was used to detect the concentration of VEGFA in the CM of the above LoVo cells； <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01 <italic>vs</italic> shNC group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="164.04167175" height="91.36945343"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="164.04167175" height="91.36945343"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="164.04167175" height="91.36945343"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2e"><label>2.5</label><title>PRMT5促进CRC中STAT3信号通路的激活</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">GSEA分析表明PRMT5调控的转录组特征谱在IL6-JAK-STAT3信号通路中显著富集（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>A。Western blot检测显示，PRMT5敲低后，STAT3磷酸化水平（p-STAT3）显著降低，VEGFA蛋白表达也相应减少，但总STAT3、JAK2及JAK2磷酸化水平（p-JAK2）未发生显著变化。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>B。胞质胞核分离实验证实，PRMT5被敲低后，STAT3在细胞核内的分布减少，PRMT5经由激活JAK2/STAT3磷酸化级联反应，驱动STAT3转运到细胞核并增强其转录活性，从而促进下游靶基因VEGFA的表达，最终促进CRC的血管生成。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>C。</p><fig position="float" id="F5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.002.F005</object-id><label>图 5</label><caption><title>PRMT5 促进结直肠癌 STAT3 信号通路激活</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig. 5</label><title>PRMT5 promoted activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway in CRC</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： GSEA enrichment analysis of PRMT5 high and low expression groups in GEO datasets GSE39582 and GSE52060 （associated with IL6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway）； B： Western blot analysis of protein expression levels of p-JAK2， JAK2， p-STAT3， STAT3 and VEGFA in LoVo cells after PRMT5 knockdown； C： Western blot analysis of protein distribution of PRMT5 and STAT3 in cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of LoVo cells.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F005.eps" id="Graphic5"><?fx-imagestate width="165.10000610" height="49.38888931"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="165.10000610" height="49.38888931"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/595BC80A-AE75-4e34-9969-8223239BBF0F-F005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="165.10000610" height="49.38888931"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>PRMT5在多种恶性肿瘤进展中发挥作用，通过沉默关键抑癌基因<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>，促进肿瘤进展。Yang et al<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>发现PRMT5和zeste同源物2增强子（enhancer of Zeste homolog 2， EZH2）相互作用，表观沉默细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶抑制剂2B（cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2B，CDKN2B），促进CRC的增殖；Li et al<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>的工作则揭示PRMT5与微染色体维持复合物7（minichromosome maintenance complex component 7， MCM7）相互作用，调节细胞周期进程来促进肿瘤的生长和转移；这些研究阐明PRMT5促进CRC肿瘤生长和转移的普遍机制。近年的研究揭示PRMT5在肿瘤微环境中存在多维度调控功能，Meng et al<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>发现PRMT5通过AlkB同源物5（AlkB homolog 5， ALKBH5）介导的N6-甲基腺苷（N6-methyladenosine， m6A）修饰提高分化簇276（CD276 molecule， CD276）表达促进免疫逃逸；Qu et al<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>证实PRMT5通过抑制铁死亡蛋白溶质载体家族7成员11（solute carrier family 7 member 11， SLC7A11）来增强氧化应激抵抗效应。在治疗转化方向，Abumustafa et al<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>证实靶向PRMT5能够调控 Dickkopf WNT信号通路抑制剂1（Dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 1， DKK1）增敏化疗，这为PRMT5抑制剂的临床转化提供了实验支持。在血管生成领域，Ye et al<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>证实PRMT5在低氧诱导的血管生成中起关键作用。本研究在结直肠癌模型中证明，PRMT5通过激活JAK2/STAT3磷酸化级联，驱动STAT3核转位，进而转录上调VEGFA表达，这是对肿瘤血管生成调控网络的补充。</p><p>本研究将生物信息学分析与临床组织芯片统计结果相结合，呈现PRMT5在CRC进展中的重要作用，数据显示CRC组织中存在PRMT5过表达现象，PRMT5的表达水平与肿瘤恶性程度呈正相关，它是患者不良预后的独立风险因子，会导致OS和DFS缩短。为了更充分认识PRMT5的生物学功能，本研究建立了PRMT5稳定敲低的CRC细胞模型，通过shRNA介导的PRMT5敲低明显抑制CRC细胞的增殖，这种抑制表现为G<sub>2</sub>/M期阻滞。细胞的迁移能力和体外血管生成能力也受到明显抑制，该现象通过成管实验得到了验证。这些证据进一步表明PRMT5是促进CRC恶性进展的关键调控因子。</p><p>VEGFA激活血管内皮细胞表面的血管内皮生长因子受体1/2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1/2， VEGFR1/2）受体，由此促进内皮细胞的迁移与增殖，并使血管通透性增强<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>；Zheng et al<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>在肺癌模型中验证PRMT5通过激活缺氧诱导因子1α（hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha， HIF-1α）/VEGFR/蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B， Akt）信号轴促血管生成。Abe et al<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R16">16</xref>］</sup>发现PRMT5通过影响STAT3保持肿瘤干细胞特性，促进肿瘤生长的同时，建立了STAT3激活的正反馈循环。本研究证明敲低PRMT5后VEGFA在转录和蛋白水平都受到显著抑制。这个结果比EGF、BFGF等其他常见血管生成因子更为显著，表明PRMT5在调控CRC血管生成中的作用具有特异性。上游机制的探索表明，PRMT5主要通过调控JAK2/STAT3磷酸化及其核转位来激活该通路。</p><p>VEGFA作为关键促血管生成因子，其信号通路的异常激活不仅是肿瘤血管生成的主要驱动力，也与化疗耐药密切相关。赵秦英 等<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R17">17</xref>］</sup>证实HIF-1α/VEGF通路在HCT15/5-氟尿嘧啶（5-fluorouracil， 5-FU）耐药株中显著活化，而华蟾素通过抑制该通路逆转上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition， EMT）并增强5-FU疗效。本研究则揭示PRMT5驱动的STAT3-VEGFA轴在常氧下促进血管生成，这两途径可能协同加剧VEGF信号传导，共同成为克服5-FU耐药的潜在靶点。</p><p>综上所述，PRMT5在CRC组织中高表达，促进STAT3的磷酸化，调控下游血管生成因子VEGFA的表达，促进血管内皮细胞增殖，提高其成管能力，为开发以PRMT5为靶点的新型抗肿瘤治疗策略提供了新思路。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation 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