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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）05–0812–07</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05 003</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V314-王子涵LSS缺失-</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 34</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>LSS缺失通过下调NPC1L1与激活CD36/TLR4/JNK通路改善MASLD</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>LSS deficiency ameliorates MASLD by downregulating NPC1L1 and activating the CD36/TLR4/JNK pathway</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>王</surname><given-names>子涵</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Zihan</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>白</surname><given-names>红枚</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bai</surname><given-names>Hongmei</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>何</surname><given-names>清雅</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>He</surname><given-names>Qingya</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>周</surname><given-names>文静</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Wenjing</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>钟</surname><given-names>健</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhong</surname><given-names>Jian</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>江</surname><given-names>小丽</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Jiang</surname><given-names>Xiaoli</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>张</surname><given-names>素梅</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Sumei</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>张</surname><given-names>胜权</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhang</surname><given-names>Shengquan</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution>安徽医科大学基础医学院生物化学与分子生物学教研室</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology， School of Basic Medical Sciences， Anhui Medical University</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>  <postal-code>230032</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Zhang Shengquan</named-content>， E-mail： <email>zhangshengquan@ahmu.edu.cn</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">王子涵</named-content>，男，硕士研究生</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">张胜权</named-content>，男，博士，教授，硕士生导师，通信作者，E-mail： <email>zhangshengquan@ahmu.edu.cn</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-24T09：23：01"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date>    <history><date date-type="received">       <day>02</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date>  </history><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-id>16</issue-id><fpage>812</fpage><lpage>818</lpage><page-range>812-818</page-range><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探究羊毛甾醇合酶（LSS）肠道缺失是否通过调控肠道胆固醇吸收与免疫应答影响代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病（MASLD）进展。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>利用CRISPR/Cas9技术构建LSS杂合敲除（LSS<sup>+/-</sup>）小鼠及野生型（WT）对照，分别饲喂高脂饲料（HFD）或普通饲料（CHOW）。通过基因型鉴定验证模型；肝脏HE和油红O染色评估脂肪变性；免疫组化检测肠道NPC1L1和CD36蛋白定位与表达；Western blot分析肠道JNK磷酸化和TLR4蛋白水平；实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）检测TLR4和IL-6的mRNA表达。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠经基因型鉴定及小肠LSS蛋白检测结果表明LSS敲低小鼠构建成功。肝脏HE及油红O染色显示，与CHOW喂养的WT小鼠相比，HFD喂养的WT小鼠肝脏脂质空泡增多；而与HFD喂养的WT小鼠相比，HFD喂养的LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠肝脏脂质沉积明显减轻，血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）水平亦降低（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）。免疫组化检测显示，与WT小鼠相比，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠小肠绒毛中胆固醇吸收蛋白NPC1L1的表达在CHOW及HFD条件下均下调（<italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>&lt;0.001）；而脂肪酸转运蛋白CD36在LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠小肠中表达上调（<italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>&lt;0.05，<italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>&lt;0.01）。Western blot结果显示，与WT小鼠相比，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠小肠中TLR4蛋白表达在CHOW及HFD条件下均升高（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）；在CHOW条件下，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠JNK磷酸化水平升高（均<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）；在HFD条件下，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠总JNK蛋白表达增加，但磷酸化水平无显著变化。qPCR检测显示，与WT小鼠相比，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠小肠中TLR4 mRNA（<italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>&lt;0.01，<italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>&lt;0.000 1）及IL-6 mRNA（<italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>&lt;0.001，<italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>&lt;0.01）均显著上调。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p>LSS缺失通过诱导肠道胆固醇吸收限制、脂肪酸利用促进及免疫通路激活的协同重编程，抵抗肝脏脂质沉积，提示肠道LSS是MASLD的潜在治疗靶点。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate whether intestinal deficiency of lanosterol synthase （LSS）， a key enzyme in cholesterol synthesis， influences the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease （MASLD） by regulating intestinal cholesterol absorption and immune response.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>LSS heterozygous knockout （LSS<sup>+/-</sup>） mice and wild-type （WT） controls were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology and fed either a high-fat diet （HFD） or regular chow （CHOW）. The model was validated by genotyping. Hepatic steatosis was assessed by HE and oil red O staining. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the localization and expression of NPC1L1 and CD36 proteins in the intestine. Western blot analysis was performed to measure JNK phosphorylation and TLR4 protein levels in intestinal tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （qPCR） was employed to examine the mRNA expression of TLR4 and IL-6.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>LSS<sup>+/-</sup> mice were successfully validated by genotyping and reduced intestinal LSS protein expression. HE and oil red O staining of liver sections showed that， compared with WT mice fed a CHOW diet， WT mice fed a HFD exhibited a marked increase in hepatic lipid vacuoles. In contrast， compared with HFD-fed WT mice， HFD-fed LSS<sup>+/-</sup> mice displayed significantly attenuated hepatic lipid deposition and reduced serum ALT levels （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that， compared with WT mice， the expression of the cholesterol absorption protein NPC1L1 in the intestinal villi of LSS<sup>+/-</sup> mice was downregulated under both CHOW and HFD conditions （<italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>&lt;0.001）. Conversely， the expression of the fatty acid transporter CD36 was upregulated in the intestines of LSS<sup>+/-</sup> mice （<italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>&lt;0.05， <italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>&lt;0.01）. Western blot analysis demonstrated that， compared with WT mice， TLR4 protein expression in the intestines of LSS<sup>+/-</sup> mice significantly increased under both CHOW and HFD conditions （both <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）. JNK phosphorylation level was significantly elevated in LSS<sup>+/-</sup> mice under CHOW condition （both <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）. Under HFD condition， total JNK protein expression increased， but its phosphorylation level showed no significant change. qPCR analysis showed that， compared with WT mice， the mRNA levels of TLR4 （<italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>&lt;0.01， <italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>&lt;0.000 1） and IL-6 （<italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>&lt;0.001， <italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>&lt;0.01） were significantly upregulated in the intestines of LSS<sup>+/-</sup>mice.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>LSS deficiency counteracts hepatic lipid deposition by orchestrating a synergistic reprogramming involving restricted intestinal cholesterol absorption， enhanced fatty acid utilization， and activation of immune pathways， suggesting intestinal LSS as a potential therapeutic target of MASLD.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>代谢障碍相关脂肪肝病</kwd><kwd>LSS</kwd><kwd>肠-肝轴</kwd><kwd>胆固醇吸收</kwd><kwd>肠道免疫</kwd><kwd>脂肪肝模型</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease</kwd><kwd>lanosterol synthase</kwd><kwd>gut-liver axis</kwd><kwd>cholesterol absorption</kwd><kwd>gut immunity</kwd><kwd>fatty liver model</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽省自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>2108085MH266</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>安徽省自然科学基金项目（编号：2108085MH266）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province</funding-source><award-id>2108085MH266</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province （No. 2108085MH266）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="5"/><table-count count="1"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="15"/><page-count count="7"/><word-count count="16511"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25091</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-06-30T11:07:29</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>羊毛甾醇合酶（lanosterol synthase，LSS）是内源性胆固醇合成的关键酶之一，其作用主要是将（S）-2，3-环氧鲨烯催化转变为羊毛甾醇，后者是胆固醇合成的关键上游原材料。胆固醇是机体不可或缺的成分，它不仅在细胞膜中提供磷脂双分层的流动性，还在胆汁酸、类固醇激素以及维生素D<sub>3</sub>的合成中发挥重要作用<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>，而胆固醇的缺失还会引起高免疫球蛋白血症D综合征、脱发、智力障碍、畸形等一系列症状<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>。</p><p>肠道不仅是吸收外源性胆固醇和脂肪酸的重要场所，其肠黏膜还作为免疫屏障抵御外来病原微生物，此外，肠道菌群的组成也直接影响着代谢障碍相关脂肪肝病（metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease， MASLD）的发生发展<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>。因此，肠道在脂肪肝的研究中广受关注。该研究通过给LSS杂合性敲除的C57BL/6小鼠喂养高脂饲料建立高脂模型，通过小鼠模型探索LSS功能缺失后肠道在外源性胆固醇摄取和肠黏膜免疫屏障的变化，从而探究肠道脂质吸收与免疫功能对肝脏中脂肪累积的影响。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>材料</title><sec id="s1a1"><label>1.1.1</label><title>实验动物</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">20只8周龄C57BL/6品系野生型（Wild-type，WT）小鼠购自安徽省实验动物中心。20只8周龄C57BL/6品系LSS杂合敲除型（LSS heterozygous knockout，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>）小鼠购自南京生物医药研究所，均为雄性。实验动物许可证号：SCXK（苏）2015-0001。所有小鼠均在安徽医科大学实验动物中心SPF级环境下饲养［温度（23 ± 2）℃，湿度55% ± 5%，12 h/12 h明暗周期］，自由饮水和进食，小鼠饲养和实验过程严格按照安徽省实验动物中心饲养管理条例。本实验经安徽医科大学动物伦理委员会批准（编号：LLSC20221208）。</p></sec><sec id="s1a2"><label>1.1.2</label><title>主要材料</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">油红O染料（北京索莱宝科技有限公司，货号：G1260）；HE染色试剂盒、RIPA裂解液（上海碧云天生物技术股份有限公司，货号：P0013B、C0105S）；尼曼-匹克C1型类似蛋白1（Niemann-Pick type C1-like 1 protein 1，NPC1L1）抗体（上海赛默飞世尔公司，货号：PA1-16800）；白细胞分化抗原36（cluster of differentiation 36，CD36）抗体（货号：DF13262），（磷酸化）c-Jun氨基蛋白激酶［（Phospho-）c-Jun N-terminal kinase，（p-）JNK］抗体、JNK抗体（货号：#AF6318、#AF3318），Toll样受体4（Toll-like receptor 4，TLR4）抗体（货号：#AF7017）（江苏亲科生物研究中心有限公司）；Beta-Actin抗体［上海赛信通生物试剂有限公司，货号：#4970］；蛋白Marker［生工生物工程（上海）股份有限公司货号：C520010］；SYBR Green Premix Pro Taq HS qPCR Kit（湖南艾科瑞生物工程有限公司，货号：AG11701）。</p></sec><sec id="s1a3"><label>1.1.3</label><title>主要仪器</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">酶标仪（美国赛默飞世尔科技公司，型号：A51119700DPC）；生物组织自动脱水机（孝感市亚光医用电子技术有限公司，型号：ZT-12P-1）；石蜡切片机（德国徕卡仪器有限公司，型号：RM2235）；化学发光成像系统（上海金鹏分析仪器有限公司，型号：JP-K300）；荧光正置显微镜（日本尼康公司，型号：80-i）。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>方法</title><sec id="s1b1"><label>1.2.1</label><title>C57BL/6小鼠高脂模型的构建</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">各选20只SPF级的雄性8周龄野生型C57BL/6小鼠与20只SPF级的雄性8周龄LSS杂合敲除小鼠，体质量（24±2） g，随机分为正常饮食组（chow，CHOW）和高脂饮食组（high fat diet，HFD）共4组，每组各10只，连续喂养28周。</p></sec><sec id="s1b2"><label>1.2.2</label><title>肝组织HE染色</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将肝脏组织石蜡包埋并切片好的样本在二甲苯脱蜡2次，每次10 min；将切片按顺序放入100%、95%、85%、75%乙醇中各5 min；蒸馏水浸洗5 min；将切片放于苏木精染液2 min并用蒸馏水浸洗5 min，然后水洗8 min反蓝；放入伊红染色液3 s并立即用流水洗；干燥切片后用中性树脂封片；正置显微镜观察切片结果并保存。</p></sec><sec id="s1b3"><label>1.2.3</label><title>肝组织油红O染色</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">组织油红O染色：冷冻切片复温20 min，水汽晾干。蒸馏水浸洗2 s，洗掉包埋剂。浸没于60%异丙醇同化2 s； 油红染色10~15 min，60%异丙醇分化2 s，蒸馏水漂洗1~5 s；苏木精复染1 min并温水洗10 min反蓝； 蒸馏水洗2 s后用水性封片剂封片； 镜下观察并拍照； 细胞油红O染色：首先将细胞爬片用PBS洗3次并加入4%多聚甲醛固定1 h，用PBS洗2次，每次1 min，60%异丙醇同化3~5 min，弃去60%异丙醇，加入油红工作液10~15 min，PBS洗2次，苏木精复染30 s并用PBS洗去，封片镜检拍照。</p></sec><sec id="s1b4"><label>1.2.4</label><title>小肠组织免疫组化</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将肝脏组织石蜡包埋并切片好的样本在二甲苯中脱蜡2次，每次10 min；将切片按顺序放入100%、95%、85%、75%乙醇中各5 min；蒸馏水浸洗5 min；使用枸橼酸钠抗原修复液微波加热10~15 min，冷却至室温。滴加内源性过氧化物酶阻断液，室温孵育10 min，PBS缓冲液清洗3次，每次5 min。滴加封闭血清，37 ℃孵育30 min，甩去多余血清；滴加稀释后的一抗，4 ℃过夜孵育或37 ℃湿盒孵育2 h，PBS缓冲液清洗3次，每次5 min。滴加HRP标记的二抗，37 ℃孵育30 min，PBS缓冲液清洗3次，每次5 min；配置DAB显色液（1 mL B液 + 1滴 A液），滴加至组织上；滴加苏木精染色30 s，蒸馏水清洗，返蓝液浸泡1 min，水洗后烘干；用中性树胶脱水封片，显微镜下观察并拍照。</p></sec><sec id="s1b5"><label>1.2.5</label><title>小肠组织Western blot分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">称取各组小鼠小肠放入管中，每20 mg加入200 μL的RIPA裂解液，在4 ℃中充分研磨裂解。然后4 ℃、12 000 r/min离心15 min，取上清液。通过BCA法测量样品蛋白浓度并调整至统一浓度，然后加入5× 蛋白上样缓冲液并放入沸水10 min使蛋白变性。将样品蛋白加入12%交联度的SDS-PAGE胶的孔道中电泳，利用湿转法将胶中分离的蛋白转印到PVDF膜上。依次使用5%脱脂牛奶封闭2 h；TBST清洗3次，每次10 min；加入一抗，4 ℃孵育过夜；TBST清洗3次，每次10 min；加入二抗，室温孵育2 h；TBST清洗3次，每次10 min，最后使用HRP底物化学发光液在Western blot显影机中显影拍照，通过ImageJ软件将结果数据化并使用GraphPad软件分析数据。</p></sec><sec id="s1b6"><label>1.2.6</label><title>小肠组织实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction，qPCR）分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将小鼠小肠通过氯仿-苯酚法提取RNA并反转录成同等浓度的cDNA，然后将等量的cDNA加入SYBR Green Premix Pro Taq HS qPCR Kit中，并加入对应引物。实验操作严格遵循试剂盒说明书进行。引物序列如下： 白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β，IL-1β）、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、Toll样受体4（toll-like receptor 4，TLR4）、β-肌动蛋白（β-ACTIN）。见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">表1</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.003.T001</object-id><label>表1</label><caption><p>qPCR引物序列</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.1</label><title>qPCR primer sequences</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table1"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Gene</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Primer Sequence （5′-3′）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left" rowspan="2"><italic>IL-1β</italic></td><td align="left" style="text-indent:2em;">F： CCACCTTTTGACAGTGATGA</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:2em;">R： TAGTGCAGTTGTCTAATGGG</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" rowspan="2"><italic>IL-6</italic></td><td align="left" style="text-indent:2em;">F： AGGATACCACTCCCAACAGACCT</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:2em;">R： CAAGTGCATCATCGTTGTTCATAC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" rowspan="2"><italic>TNF-α</italic></td><td align="left" style="text-indent:2em;">F： CATCTCCCTCCAGAAAAGAC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:2em;">R： ACTTGGTGGTTTGTGAGTGT</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" rowspan="2"><italic>TLR4</italic></td><td align="left" style="text-indent:2em;">F： GATCAGAAACTCAGCAAAGTC</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:2em;">R： AGTTTGAGAGGTGGTGTAAG</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>β-ACTIN</italic></td><td align="left" style="text-indent:2em;">F： CCAGCCTTCCTTCTTGGGTAT</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;text-indent:2em;">R： GGGTGTAAAACGCAGCTCAG</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-T001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="50.53400421"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-T001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="50.53400421"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用GraphPad Prism 9.0对实验数据进行统计学分析和数据处理。实验结果均重复3次，实验结果均以<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.77800000" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>表示，两组之间比较采用<italic>t</italic>检验。<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>基因型鉴定及其小肠LSS蛋白水平检测</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用基因型鉴定试剂盒提取小鼠尾部DNA并采用PCR技术扩增<italic>LSS</italic>基因，通过成像技术可以看出对应的基因型。结果显示（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>A），部分老鼠由于LSS的杂合敲除导致出现两条大小不一的DNA链，证明小鼠LSS杂合敲除成功。此外，通过Western blot检测小肠LSS表达情况，可以看到（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>B），与WT小鼠相比，普通饲料与高脂喂养的LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠，其LSS表达量较于WT明显下调（<italic>t</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>=3.758， <italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>=0.019 8；<italic>t</italic><sub>HFD</sub>=3.986， <italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>=0.016 3）。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.003.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>小鼠基因型及其肠道表达量的验证</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.1</label><title>Validation of mouse genotypes and their intestinal expression levels</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Mouse genotype identification results （M：DNA marker；1，3，5，8：LSS<sup>+/-</sup> mice；2，4，6，7，9：WT mice）； B： The expression levels of LSS protein in the intestines of mice； a： CHOW-WT group； b： CHOW-LSS<sup>+/-</sup> group； c： HFD-WT group； d： HFD-LSS<sup>+/-</sup> group； <italic><sup>*</sup>P</italic>&lt;0.05 <italic>vs</italic> CHOW-WT group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05 <italic>vs</italic> HFD-WT group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="152.39999390" height="72.67222595"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="152.39999390" height="72.67222595"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="152.39999390" height="72.67222595"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>高脂模型肝脏组织的HE染色和油红O染色</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用HE染色和油红O染色观察高脂模型小鼠的造模情况，结果显示（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>A），在CHOW饮食的2组小鼠中，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>组肝脏的HE染色结果没有明显的脂质空泡，且与CHOW-LSS<sup>+/-</sup>相比，CHOW-WT组的油红O染色结果也无明显差异。在HFD饮食的两组小鼠中，HFD-WT脂质空泡较CHOW饲养的WT更严重，而HFD-LSS<sup>+/-</sup>肝脏有明显缓解，并且从油红O染色结果可以看到，HFD-LSS<sup>+/-</sup>肝脏的脂质沉积有所改善。此外，通过血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine aminotransferase，ALT）含量变化可以看到，高脂饲料喂养的小鼠肝脏有不同程度的肝损伤，而HFD-LSS<sup>+/-</sup>肝脏有明显缓解（<italic>t</italic>=3.026， <italic>P</italic>=0.037 6），这与病理结果一致（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>B）。提示高脂模型造模成功且LSS的杂合性敲除可以改善肝脏的脂质沉积和肝损伤。</p><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.003.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>模型小鼠的肝脏染色及其血液指标</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.2</label><title>Liver staining and its blood indices in model mice</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： HE-stained and Oil Red O-stained mouse liver sections   ×20； B： The levels of ALT and aspartate aminotransferase （AST） in the blood of mice in the four groups； a： CHOW-WT group； b： CHOW-LSS<sup>+/-</sup> group； c： HFD-WT group； d： HFD- LSS<sup>+/-</sup> group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05 <italic>vs </italic>HFD-WT group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="168.27499390" height="64.20555115"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="168.27499390" height="64.20555115"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="168.27499390" height="64.20555115"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>LSS<sup>+/-</sup>对小鼠肠绒毛中NPC1L1蛋白表达的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">NPC1L1是一种跨膜蛋白，它作为甾醇转运蛋白，在肠道中主要负责胆固醇的吸收及维持肠-肝轴的胆固醇水平。通过免疫组化检测4组小鼠肠绒毛中NPC1L1的表达量情况，结果显示，与相应组WT小鼠比较，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠肠绒毛中NPC1L1的表达均下调，且在HFD饮食下更为显著（<italic>t</italic>=11.12， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 4）。结果说明LSS的敲低可以通过下调NPC1L1蛋白的表达，来降低肠道对胆固醇的吸收。见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.003.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>小鼠肠道中NPC1L1的免疫组化结果</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.3</label><title>Immunohistochemical results showing NPC1L1 expression in mouse intestine</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： View of mouse intestine： The second row showed a field of view of mouse intestine； B： Intestinal NPC1L1 protein expression analyzed by immunohistochemistry； a： CHOW-WT group； b： CHOW-LSS<sup>+/-</sup> group； c： HFD-WT group； d： HFD- LSS<sup>+/-</sup> group； <italic><sup>*</sup>P</italic>&lt;0.05 <italic>vs</italic> CHOW-WT group； <sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> HFD-WT group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="152.39999390" height="41.27500153"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="152.39999390" height="41.27500153"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="152.39999390" height="41.27500153"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>LSS<sup>+/-</sup>对小鼠肠绒毛中CD36蛋白表达的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">CD36作为脂肪酸转运蛋白，在小肠摄取长链游离脂肪酸中发挥重要的作用。此外，CD36除了维持小肠脂肪酸的平衡外，它还是TLR4的辅助受体并调节肠道的炎症反应。免疫组化显示（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>），LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠肠道较WT小鼠的CD36均有明显上调（<italic>t</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>=3.788， <italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>=0.019 3； <italic>t</italic><sub>HFD</sub>=5.075， <italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub><italic>=</italic>0.007 1），本实验结果表明，这种上调主要参与了肠道的免疫反应。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.003.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>小鼠肠道中CD36的免疫组化结果</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.4</label><title>Immunohistochemical results showing CD36 expression in mouse intestine</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： View of mouse intestine； The second row showed a ×20 field of view of mouse intestine； B： Intestinal CD36 protein expression analyzed by immunohistochemistry； a： CHOW-WT group； b： CHOW-LSS<sup>+/-</sup> group； c： HFD-WT group； d： HFD- LSS<sup>+/-</sup> group； <italic><sup>*</sup>P</italic>&lt;0.05 <italic>vs</italic> CHOW-WT group； <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01 <italic>vs</italic> HFD-WT group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="152.39999390" height="42.33333206"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="152.39999390" height="42.33333206"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="152.39999390" height="42.33333206"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2e"><label>2.5</label><title>LSS<sup>+/-</sup>通过TLR4/JNK通路激活小鼠肠道免疫屏障</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为探究LSS功能缺失是否影响肠道免疫炎症反应，通过Western blot 观察TLR4/JNK通路表达情况，结果显示（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>A），与WT小鼠相比，TLR4在LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠肠道组织中表达显著上调（<italic>t</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>=2.829，<italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>=0.047 4； <italic>t</italic><sub>HFD</sub>=2.849， <italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>=0.046 5）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>B）。在CHOW喂养条件下，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>可明显促进JNK的磷酸化水平升高（<italic>t</italic>=3.037， <italic>P</italic>=0.038 5）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>B）；而在HFD喂养条件下，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠肠道中总JNK蛋白表达明显增加，但p-JNK水平未呈现统计学上的显著变化，提示在高脂代谢压力下，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>可能主要通过调控JNK的总蛋白表达而非其磷酸化状态来影响下游信号。进一步通过qPCR检测发现（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">图5</xref>C），与WT小鼠相比，炎症因子IL-6的mRNA水平在LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠肠道中显著上调（<italic>t</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>=12.82， <italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>=0.000 2； <italic>t</italic><sub>HFD</sub>=6.004， <italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>=0.003 9），且TLR4的mRNA水平与蛋白水平趋势一致（<italic>t</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>=5.864， <italic>P</italic><sub>CHOW</sub>=0.004 2； <italic>t</italic><sub>HFD</sub>=20.48， <italic>P</italic><sub>HFD</sub>&lt;0.000 1）。</p><fig position="float" id="F5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.003.F005</object-id><label>图5</label><caption><title>小鼠肠道中炎症反应相关蛋白及mRNA水平情况</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.5</label><title>Inflammation-related proteins and their mRNA levels in mouse intestine</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Protein expression of β-actin， JNK， p-JNK， and TLR4 in mouse intestine； B： The expression levels of p-JNK/JNK and TLR4 proteins in the intestines of mice in the four groups； C： Intestinal mRNA expression levels of IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， and TLR4 in mice； a： CHOW-WT group； b： CHOW-LSS<sup>+/-</sup> group； c： HFD-WT group； d： HFD-LSS<sup>+/-</sup> group； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01， <italic><sup>***</sup>P</italic>&lt;0.001<italic> vs</italic> CHOW-WT group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01， <sup>####</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.000 1 <italic>vs </italic>HFD-WT group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F005.eps" id="Graphic5"><?fx-imagestate width="127.70555115" height="96.66110992"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="127.70555115" height="96.66110992"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/F51DB2EC-520E-4bf2-B5A8-5F8FE76FFD31-F005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="127.70555115" height="96.66110992"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>MASLD已成为最常见的慢性肝病，研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>表明，该疾病的全球患病率为25%，是发生肝硬化和肝细胞癌的主要原因。此外，MASLD作为一种多系统疾病，也影响肝外器官和调节途径，例如增加2型糖尿病、心血管、心脏病和慢性肾脏疾病的风险<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>。</p><p>LSS作为胆固醇内源性合成的关键酶，已经作为MASLD的治疗方向开始研究。在前期研究结果中，LSS的杂合性敲除可以直接通过内质网应激相关蛋白的表达变化来缓解非酒精性脂肪肝疾病<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>。本研究在小鼠肠道LSS杂合敲除后通过肠-肝轴来缓解小鼠MASLD。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>显示，高脂饲料喂养后的LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠肠绒毛的NPC1L1蛋白的表达明显下调。NPC1L1作为肠道胆固醇吸收的关键转运蛋白，在肠道吸收的胆固醇稳态中发挥重要作用，因此，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>能够通过调节NPC1L1的表达，从而减少胆固醇的吸收。与此同时，CD36作为外源长链脂肪酸受体，在肠道的长链脂肪酸摄取扮演着重要角色<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>。本研究中，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>能够上调CD36的蛋白表达，而CD36除了外源性长链脂肪酸摄取外，它还在肠道的免疫屏障中起到关键作用。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>表明，CD36不但能够作为免疫细胞的模式识别受体，还能够识别内源性的不同胚体，如ox-LDL等，这种多种识别的受体在免疫功能中能够调节不同的炎症反应。</p><p>TLR4是一种膜蛋白，能够识别革兰阴性菌的脂多糖，并激活下游信号通路，从而引发免疫应答，TLR4是肠道屏障功能的重要调节因子，其表达水平和功能状态直接影响肠道屏障的稳定性和微生物群的平衡<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>。JNK信号通路是MAPK通路中一个重要的分支，在各种炎症性疾病中起到重要作用，有研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>发现，JNK信号通路被激活后会入核形成AP-1，后者能够激发IL-6等炎症因子。而在肠炎性疾病模型中，通过使用JNK抑制剂阻断JNK信号通路能够很好地缓解肠道炎症<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>。本研究表明，在 LSS<sup>+/-</sup>小鼠肠道中，TLR4的mRNA和蛋白水平均显著上调。进一步分析显示，JNK的应答模式在高脂饮食与普通饲料喂养条件下有所不同：在CHOW组中，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>主要促进 JNK的磷酸化激活；而在HFD组中，则主要表现为总JNK蛋白表达的升高，其磷酸化水平未见显著变化，提示在高脂代谢背景下LSS<sup>+/-</sup>可能通过累积JNK蛋白而非增强其磷酸化来参与信号调控。上述差异反映了不同营养代谢状态下TLR4/JNK通路调控机制的适应性变化。最终，两种条件下均共同导致下游炎症因子IL-6 的mRNA水平显著上升，说明LSS<sup>+/-</sup>可通过TLR4依赖的途径激活JNK信号，进而上调IL-6，参与肠道免疫屏障的调节。</p><p>综上所述，LSS<sup>+/-</sup>能够缓解在肝脏中的脂质沉积以及肝损伤，这种机制不仅限于在肝脏中的直接作用，还能通过肠-肝轴的胆固醇稳态以及肠道免疫屏障发挥作用。这种机制一方面表现为LSS<sup>+/-</sup>作用NPC1L1蛋白质水平的下调，另一方面，CD36与TLR4的相互作用使得JNK信号通路被打开，c-Jun作为AP-1转录复合物的一种<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>，能够激活IL-6炎症因子，从而打开肠道免疫功能，改善肠道菌群，缓解MASLD的发生发展。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name name-style="eastern"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>X</given-names></name>， <name name-style="eastern"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group>. 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