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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V271-李鹏-综合生物信息学</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）05–0861–12</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05 009</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 77</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>基础医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>综合生物信息学分析及实验验证糖尿病视网膜病变中血管新生相关基因的作用</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Integrated bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of angiogenesis-related genes in diabetic retinopathy</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>李</surname><given-names>鹏</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Peng</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>梁</surname><given-names>坤</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>Kun</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>吴</surname><given-names>峰</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Feng</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>李</surname><given-names>佳</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Jia</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>刘</surname><given-names>伦</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Lun</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor2"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>陶</surname><given-names>玉林</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tao</surname><given-names>Yulin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>安徽医科大学附属阜阳医院，眼科</institution>，<city>阜阳</city>　<postal-code>236000</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Ophthalmology</institution>，</aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label><institution>安徽医科大学附属阜阳医院，神经外科</institution>，<city>阜阳</city>　<postal-code>236000</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>3</label><institution>Department of Neurosurgery， Fuyang Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University， Fuyang</institution>　<postal-code>236000</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><label>2</label><institution>安徽医科大学 第二附属医院眼科</institution>，<city>合肥</city>　<postal-code>230601</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>Department of Ophthalmology， The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University， Hefei</institution>　<postal-code>230601</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><label>4</label><institution>安徽医科大学第一附属医院眼科</institution>，<city>合肥</city>　<postal-code>230022</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>4</label><institution>Department of Ophthalmology， The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University， Hefei</institution>　<postal-code>230022</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">李鹏</named-content>，男，硕士研究生，主治医师</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">陶玉林</named-content>，男，博士，通信作者，E-mail：<email>yelinto@163.com</email></p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna3"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">刘伦</named-content>，男，博士，硕士生导师，主任医师，通信作者，E-mail：<email>13956956362@163.com</email></p></fn><corresp id="cor1" xml:lang="en"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Tao Yulin</named-content>， E-mail： <email>yelinto@163.com</email></corresp><corresp id="cor2" xml:lang="en"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Liu Lun</named-content>， E-mail： <email>13956956362@163.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-16T11：32：36"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date>    <history><date date-type="received">       <day>06</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date>  </history><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>861</fpage><lpage>871</lpage><page-range>861-871</page-range><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探讨糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）发生发展过程中血管新生相关分子机制。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>从Gencard网站获取血管新生相关基因，并与DR数据集（GSE60436和GSE94019）的差异表达基因取交集，随后通过功能富集、蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（PPI）网络筛选候选基因并评估其诊断价值。基因集富集分析（GSEA）探讨候选基因潜在通路，免疫浸润分析揭示候选基因与免疫细胞的相关性。细胞实验验证纤维连接蛋白1（<italic>FN1</italic>）在高糖处理下的人视网膜微血管内皮细胞（HRMEC）中的作用。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>共筛选到237个血管新生相关差异基因，富集于磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B信号通路（PI3K-Akt）、肿瘤抑制蛋白53（P53）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和Janus激酶/信号转导及转录激活因子信号通路（JAK-STAT）等通路。其中胶原蛋白Ⅰ型α1链（<italic>COL1A1</italic>）、<italic>COL1A2</italic>、<italic>FN1</italic>、<italic>TNF</italic>和肿瘤抑制蛋白53（<italic>TP53</italic>）为关键基因，且具有较高诊断价值。GSEA提示这些基因参与P53等多条信号通路。CIBERSORTx分析发现其与多种免疫细胞浸润显著相关。高糖处理导致FN1表达升高。在高糖诱导的HRMEC中，与对照si-NC组相比，si-FN1组HRMEC的增殖、迁移及管腔形成能力均显著下降，同时P53蛋白表达升高。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p><italic>FN1</italic>在DR血管新生中具有重要作用，可能成为潜在的诊断和治疗靶点。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the molecular mechanisms related to angiogenesis during the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy （DR）.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Angiogenesis-related genes were obtained from the Gencard website and intersected with differentially expressed genes from DR datasets （GSE60436 and GSE94019）. Functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction （PPI） networks were then used to screen candidate genes and evaluate their diagnostic value. Gene set enrichment analysis （GSEA） was used to explore potential pathways underlying candidate genes， and immune infiltration analysis revealed associations between candidate genes and immune cells. Cellular experiments were conducted to validate the role of fibronectin 1 （<italic>FN1</italic>） in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells （HRMECs） under high glucose （HG） conditions.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 237 differentially expressed genes related to angiogenesis were identified， enriched in pathways such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway （PI3K-Akt）， tumor suppressor protein 53 （P53）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， and Janus kinase （JAK）/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway （STAT）. Among them， collagen type I alpha 1 chain （<italic>COL1A1</italic>）， <italic>COL1A2</italic>，<italic> FN1</italic>， <italic>TNF</italic>， and<italic> </italic>tumor protein p53 （<italic>TP53</italic>） were key genes with high diagnostic value. GSEA indicated that these genes were involved in multiple signaling pathways， including P53. CIBERSORTx analysis revealed significant associations with the infiltration of multiple immune cells. HG treatment led to the upregulation of FN1. In HG-induced HRMECs， compared with the si-NC control group， si-FN1 significantly reduced cell proliferation， migration， and tube formation， while P53 protein expression was increased.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>This study reveals the important role of<italic> FN1</italic> in angiogenesis in DR and suggests that it may be a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>糖尿病视网膜病变</kwd><kwd>血管生成</kwd><kwd><italic>FN1</italic></kwd><kwd>P53信号通路</kwd><kwd>管腔形成</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>diabetic retinopathy</kwd><kwd>angiogenesis</kwd><kwd><italic>FN1</italic></kwd><kwd>P53 signaling pathway</kwd><kwd>tube formation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽省自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>2508085QH303</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>安徽省自然科学基金项目（编号：2508085QH303）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province</funding-source><award-id>2508085QH303</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province （No. 2508085QH303）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="10"/><table-count count="1"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="15"/><page-count count="11"/><word-count count="19775"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25090</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-06-30T13:59:53</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>糖尿病视网膜病变 （diabetic retinopathy，DR） 是糖尿病最常见的慢性微血管并发症之一<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>。持续的高血糖、高血压和高血脂，以及吸烟和饮酒等生活方式可导致DR的发生和发展。目前，DR的治疗方法主要包括视网膜激光光凝术、玻璃体内注射血管内皮生长因子 （vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF） 抑制剂以及玻璃体切除术等。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>表明，作为VEGF下游的功能分子，纤维连接蛋白1（fibronectin 1，<italic>FN1</italic>）在病理性视网膜新生血管形成中发挥重要作用，能够促进内皮-间质转化并推动异常血管生成。<italic>FN1</italic>还被鉴定为原发性开角型青光眼（primary open-angle glaucoma，POAG）的关键基因，与免疫相关通路、氧化应激和内质网应激有关<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>。除了血管和神经炎症机制外，年龄相关性黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration，AMD）的有关研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>表明，<italic>FN1</italic>在循环成纤维细胞和骨髓来源的巨噬细胞中表达显著上调，并在视网膜下纤维化诱导后进一步升高。该研究旨在利用整合生物信息学和实验验证方法，识别血管生成相关基因，重点分析<italic>FN1</italic>在DR血管生成中的调控作用。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>材料</title><sec id="s1a1"><label>1.1.1</label><title>细胞株来源</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">人视网膜微血管内皮细胞（human retinal microvascular endothelial cells，HRMEC）来源于江苏海星生物科技有限公司（货号：PAHX-C115）。在HRMEC完全培养基中，于 37 ℃、5% CO₂ 培养条件下维持培养。</p></sec><sec id="s1a2"><label>1.1.2</label><title>抗体和试剂</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">HRMEC完全培养基（货号：CM-H130）购自武汉普诺赛生命科技有限公司；葡萄糖（货号：HY-B0389）购自美国MedChemExpress有限责任公司；CCK-8 细胞活力检测试剂盒（货号：ml095229）和TRIzol 试剂（货号：ml095476）购自上海酶联生物科技有限公司；Lipofectamine<sup>TM</sup>3000转染试剂（货号：L3000008）由美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司提供；胎牛血清（FBS，货号：10099-141）购自美国Gibco公司；PrimeScript<sup>TM</sup> RT reagent Kit及SYBR<sup>®</sup> Premix Ex Taq<sup>TM</sup> Ⅱ 购自大连Takara公司；Transwell 小室（8 μm 孔径，货号：3422）购自美国Corning 公司；Matrigel 基质胶（货号：C0372-5 mL）、结晶紫染色液（货号：C0121-100 mL）、RIPA 裂解液（货号：P0013B）、BCA蛋白定量试剂盒（货号：P0010）、ECL化学发光检测试剂盒（BeyoECL Plus，货号：P0018S）和PVDF膜（货号：FFP33）均购自上海碧云天生物技术有限公司；FN1抗体（兔多克隆，货号：15613-1-AP，1∶2 000）、P53抗体（兔多克隆，货号：10442-1-AP，1∶5 000）、GAPDH抗体（兔多克隆，货号：10494-1-AP，1∶5 000）以及HRP-标记山羊抗兔 IgG（H+L）（货号：SA00001-2，1∶5 000）购自武汉三鹰生物技术有限公司。</p></sec><sec id="s1a3"><label>1.1.3</label><title>主要仪器</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">CO₂培养箱（型号：Heracell Vios 160i CR，美国Thermo Scientific公司）；倒置显微镜（型号：IXplore<sup>TM</sup> IX85，日本Olympus公司）；酶标仪（型号：Bio-Rad iMark，美国Microplate Absorbance Reader公司）；实时荧光定量 PCR 仪（ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR System，美国 Applied Biosystems公司）；电泳及转膜系统（型号：Bio-Rad Mini-PROTEAN，美国Tetra Cell公司）；凝胶成像系统（型号：Gel Doc XR+ Gel Documentation System，美国Bio-Rad公司）。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>方法</title><sec id="s1b1"><label>1.2.1</label><title>DR数据库的分析和差异表达基因（differentially expressed genes，DEGs）的鉴定</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">从基因表达综合数据库（gene expression omnibus，GEO；<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/">https：//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/</ext-link>）下载2个与DR相关数据集，分别是GSE60436（6个DR样本，3个对照样本）和GSE94019（9个DR样本，4个对照样本）。利用R语言（版本号 4.3.2）的“limma”包对2个数据集进行DEGs分析。其中，GSE60436 数据集的筛选标准为 |FC|≥1.3，GSE94019 的筛选标准为|FC|≥1.5，且都满足<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， 结果均通过“ggplot”包进行可视化。</p></sec><sec id="s1b2"><label>1.2.2</label><title>DR相关基因的功能富集分析以及蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用（protein-protein interaction，PPI）网络构建</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">在Genecard网站（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.genecards.org">https：//www.genecards.org</ext-link>）检索了5 928个“血管新生相关基因”，基于相关性评分&gt;1的标准筛选得到1 861个候选基因。使用在线工具对1 861个血管新生相关基因以及GSE60436和GSE94019中上调表达基因和下调表达基因进行交集分析。随后DAVID数据库（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://david.ncifcrf.gov/">https：//david.ncifcrf.gov/</ext-link>）对得到的交集基因进行京都基因与基因组百科全书（Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes，KEGG）和基因本体论（gene ontology，GO）富集分析。 随后，基于 STRING 数据库（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://string-db.org/">https：//string-db.org/</ext-link>）（highest confidence=0.900）构建 PPI 网络，并使用 Cytoscape 软件中的 CytoHubba 插件（Degree 算法）筛选前5个关键基因。最后对5个候选基因之间进行皮尔森相关性分析，通过R语言的lggcorrplot 包可视化。</p></sec><sec id="s1b3"><label>1.2.3</label><title>DR中候选基因的验证和功能鉴定</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">为了进一步验证枢纽基因的诊断价值并探索其潜在功能，使用Sangerbox在线平台（版本3.0，<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://sangerbox.com/">http：//sangerbox.com/</ext-link>）进行了受试者工作特征（receiver operating characteristic，ROC）曲线分析，计算曲线下面积（area under the curve，AUC）和95%置信区间（confidence interval，<italic>CI</italic>），以评估GSE60436和GSE94019数据集中候选基因（<italic>COL1A1</italic>、<italic>COL1A2</italic>、<italic>FN1</italic>、<italic>TNF</italic>、<italic>TP53</italic>）的诊断性能。在GSE94019数据集中，按照候选基因中位表达水平将样本分成2组（高、低表达组）。基于MSigDB数据库（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/">https：//www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/</ext-link>）中的KEGG基因集进行基因集富集分析（gene set enrichment analysis，GSEA），以识别候选基因显著富集的信号通路。最后，比较2个数据集中DR组和对照组中候选基因的表达水平，并使用箱线图对结果进行可视化。</p></sec><sec id="s1b4"><label>1.2.4</label><title>DR中候选基因的免疫浸润分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将GSE94019数据集样本上传至CIBERSORTx平台（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://cibersortx.stanford.edu/">https：//cibersortx.stanford.edu/</ext-link>），以<italic>LM22</italic>基因集作为参考，分析每个样本中22种免疫细胞的浸润比例。随后评估5个血管新生相关候选基因［胶原蛋白Ⅰ型α1链（collagen type I alpha 1 chain， <italic>COL1A1</italic>）、<italic>COL1A2</italic>、<italic>FN1</italic>、肿瘤坏死因子（tumor necrosis factor， <italic>TNF</italic>）、肿瘤抑制蛋白53（tumor suppressor protein 53， <italic>TP53</italic>）］与免疫细胞浸润水平之间的Pearson相关性。</p></sec><sec id="s1b5"><label>1.2.5</label><title>细胞处理和转染</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">在培养基中加入30 mmol/L葡萄糖处理HRMEC细胞24 h，以建立DR细胞模型。按照说明书说明，采用Lipofectamine<sup>TM</sup> 3000转染试剂将siRNA对照（si-NC）或靶向<italic>FN1</italic>的siRNA（si-<italic>FN1</italic>，购自上海GenePharma公司）转染至HRMEC细胞，48 h后收集细胞用于后续实验。</p></sec><sec id="s1b6"><label>1.2.6</label><title>qRT-PCR</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">采用TRIzol试剂提取细胞总RNA，利用PrimeScript<sup>TM</sup> RT reagent Kit逆转录为cDNA。qRT-PCR在ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR System上进行，使用SYBR<sup>®</sup> Premix Ex Taq<sup>TM</sup> Ⅱ进行扩增。GAPDH作为内参基因，相对表达量采用2<sup>-ΔΔ</sup><italic><sup>C</sup></italic><inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.26999998" height="4.23333359"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.26999998" height="4.23333359"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>方法计算。引物序列见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">表1</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.T001</object-id><label>表1</label><caption><p>引物序列</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.1</label><title>Primer sequences</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table1"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Gene</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Forward primer （5′-3′）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Reverse primer （5′-3′）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left"><italic>FN1</italic></td><td align="center">AAAGACCCCTTTCGTCACCC</td><td align="center">TCTTGTCCTACATTCGGCGG</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>GAPDH</italic></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">CTAGCTGGCCCGATTTCTCC</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">ATGGAATTTGCCATGGGTGG</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-T001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="13.78199959"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-T001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19583130" height="13.78199959"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s1b7"><label>1.2.7</label><title>Western blot实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">采用RIPA裂解液提取总蛋白，并使用BCA试剂盒测定蛋白浓度。取等量蛋白进行SDS-PAGE电泳分离后转移至PVDF膜。随后在室温下用5%脱脂奶粉封闭1 h，并加入FN1、P53和GAPDH一抗，于4 ℃条件下孵育过夜。次日加入HRP标记的山羊抗兔IgG二抗，使用ECL发光试剂进行显色，条带信号通过Bio-Rad凝胶成像系统检测。</p></sec><sec id="s1b8"><label>1.2.8</label><title>细胞增殖实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">转染处理后的HRMEC细胞接种于96孔板（2×10³个/孔），在0、24、48、72、96 h检测细胞增殖情况。每个时间点加入10 μL CCK-8试剂，继续孵育2 h后，于450 nm波长下使用酶标仪测定吸光度（absorbance， <italic>A</italic>）值。</p></sec><sec id="s1b9"><label>1.2.9</label><title>细胞迁移实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">将5×10⁴个细胞悬液（200 μL，无血清）加入Transwell上室，下室加入600 μL含10% FBS培养基作为趋化因子。37 ℃孵育24 h后，棉签擦去未迁移细胞，甲醇固定15 min并用0.1%结晶紫染色30 min。随机选取5个视野，显微镜拍照并计数迁移细胞数。</p></sec><sec id="s1b10"><label>1.2.10</label><title>管腔形成实验</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">在96孔板中预铺Matrigel基质胶，于37 ℃孵育30 min凝胶化。将2×10⁴个处理后的HRMEC细胞接种于孔内，37 ℃孵育6 h后拍照。采用倒置显微镜观察，并用ImageJ软件分析管腔分支数与总长度。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">所有实验均至少重复3次，数据以<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M2"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-M002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="7.53533268" height="2.62466669"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-M002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="7.53533268" height="2.62466669"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>表示。组间差异采用Student’s<italic> t</italic>检验（两组比较）或单因素方差分析（one-way ANOVA）（多组比较），并进行Tukey事后检验。数据分析在GraphPad Prism 9.0软件上完成。相关性分析采用 Pearson 相关系数。<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05为差异有统计学意义。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>DR相关基因的富集分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">从GSE60436数据集中共筛选到2 550个上调基因和2 007个下调基因（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>A）；在GSE94019数据集中则筛选到4 029个上调基因和2 502个下调基因（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>B）。将这些DEGs 与血管新生相关基因取交集后，共得到237个重叠基因（其中227个上调，10个下调）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>）。GO 富集分析结果显示，这些基因主要富集在生物过程（biological process，BP），分子功能（molecular function，MF），细胞组分（cellular component，CC）中的条目，包括血管生成（angiogenesis）、炎症反应（inflammatory response）以及蛋白结合（protein binding）等（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>A-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">3</xref>C）。在KEGG通路分析中，这些基因富集于PI3K-Akt、p53及JAK-STAT等经典信号通路（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F3">图3</xref>D）。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>DR相关数据集中差异表达基因的鉴定</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.1</label><title>Identification of differentially expressed genesin DR-related datasets</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Volcano plot of DEGs in the GSE60436 dataset； B： Volcano plot of DEGs in the GSE94019 dataset.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="68.08611298" height="125.94167328"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="68.08611298" height="125.94167328"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="68.08611298" height="125.94167328"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>GSE60436、GSE94019与血管新生相关基因的鉴定</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.2</label><title>Identification of GSE60436， GSE94019， and angiogenesis-related genes</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Venn diagram of upregulated genes； B： Venn diagram of downregulated genes.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="123.07696533" height="55.08766174"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="123.07696533" height="55.08766174"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="123.07696533" height="55.08766174"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><fig position="float" id="F3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F003</object-id><label>图3</label><caption><title>糖尿病视网膜病变中血管新生相关基因的功能富集分析</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.3</label><title>Functional enrichment analysis of angiogenesis-related genes in diabetic retinopathy</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： GO BP analysis indicated enrichment in angiogenesis， inflammatory response， cell adhesion， and hypoxia response； B： GO CC analysis revealed enrichment in extracellular matrix， basement membrane， and collagen-containing extracellular matrix； C： GO MF analysis showed enrichment in protein binding， collagen binding， and integrin binding； D： KEGG pathway enrichment indicated significant pathways including PI3K-Akt， p53， TNF， TGF-β， JAK-STAT， and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F003.eps" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="150.98890686" height="135.46667480"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="150.98890686" height="135.46667480"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="150.98890686" height="135.46667480"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>DR中血管新生相关的关键基因的筛选和临床诊断价值分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">STRING数据库构建了DR中237个血管新生相关基因的PPI网络，结果显示162个基因之间存在紧密的相互作用关系（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>A）。进一步通过CytoHubba插件分析，筛选出前5个血管新生相关的关键基因（<italic>COL1A1</italic>、<italic>COL1A2</italic>、<italic>FN1</italic>、<italic>TNF</italic>、<italic>TP53</italic>）（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>B）。相关性分析显示，这5个关键基因之间呈显著的正相关关系（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F4">图4</xref>C）。为评估关键基因的诊断价值，利用GSE60436和GSE94019两个独立数据集绘制ROC 曲线。结果显示，在GSE60436数据集中，<italic>COL1A1</italic>、<italic>COL1A2</italic>、<italic>FN1</italic>、<italic>TNF</italic>和<italic>TP53</italic>的AUC值均为1.000（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>A-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>E）。在 GSE94019 数据集中，<italic>COL1A1</italic>、<italic>COL1A2</italic>、<italic>FN1</italic>、<italic>TNF</italic>和<italic>TP53</italic>的AUC分别为1.000、0.889、0.917、0.806和0.889，进一步验证了这些基因在DR中具有较高的诊断价值（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>F-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F5">5</xref>J）。</p><fig position="float" id="F4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F004</object-id><label>图4</label><caption><title>PPI网络及候选基因相关性分析</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.4</label><title>PPI network and correlation analysis of candidate genes</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： PPI network of angiogenesis-related genes in DR， consisting of 162 nodes and 298 edges； B： The Degree algorithm identified five candidate genes （<italic>COL1A1</italic>， <italic>COL1A2</italic>，<italic> FN1</italic>， <italic>TNF</italic>， and <italic>TP53</italic>）； C： Heat map showed the Pearson correlation between the five candidate genes.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F004.eps" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="166.51109314" height="184.14999390"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="166.51109314" height="184.14999390"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="166.51109314" height="184.14999390"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><fig position="float" id="F5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F005</object-id><label>图5</label><caption><title>GSE60436和GSE94019数据集中5个基因的ROC曲线分析</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.5</label><title>ROC curve analysis of five genes in the GSE60436 and GSE94019 datasets</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A-E： ROC curves for<italic> COL1A1</italic>， <italic>COL1A2</italic>， <italic>FN1</italic>， <italic>TNF</italic>， and <italic>TP53</italic> in the GSE60436 dataset； F-J： ROC curves for <italic>COL1A1</italic>，<italic> COL1A2</italic>， <italic>FN1</italic>， <italic>TNF</italic>， and <italic>TP53</italic> in the GSE94019 dataset.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F005.eps" id="Graphic5"><?fx-imagestate width="154.16389465" height="200.37777710"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="154.16389465" height="200.37777710"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="154.16389465" height="200.37777710"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>GSEA结果揭示关键通路</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">基于GSE94019数据集，对5个候选基因的高低表达组进行了 GSEA分析。结果表明，<italic>COL1A1</italic>显著富集于Toll样受体（Toll like receptor，TLR）信号通路，细胞黏附分子（cell adhesion molecules，CAMs）等通路（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>A）；<italic>COL1A2</italic>与甘油脂代谢（glycerolipid metabolism，GLM）显著关联（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>B）；<italic>FN1</italic>富集于细胞周期、凋亡及ECM受体相互作用等通路（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>C）；<italic>TNF</italic>与JAK-STAT、NOD-like receptor 及TLR信号通路密切相关（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图6</xref>D）；而TP53则富集于神经营养因子及P53信号通路等中（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F6">图 6</xref>E）。这些结果提示这5个基因可能通过多条信号通路参与DR的发生发展。</p><fig position="float" id="F6"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F006</object-id><label>图6</label><caption><title>基于GSE94019数据集的候选基因的GSEA</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.6</label><title>GSEA of candidate genes basedon the GSE94019 dataset</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A-E： GSEA plots showed the enriched KEGG pathways associated with <italic>COL1A1</italic>，<italic> COL1A2</italic>， <italic>FN1</italic>， <italic>TNF</italic>， and <italic>TP53</italic> expression in the GSE94019 dataset； The <italic>X</italic>-axis represents the rank of genes in the ordered dataset， while the <italic>Y</italic>-axis indicates the enrichment score （ES）； The normalized enrichment score （NES） and nominal <italic>P </italic>values are displayed in each panel. ES represents the enrichment score， and NP represents the nominal <italic>P</italic> value.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F006.eps" id="Graphic6"><?fx-imagestate width="153.10554504" height="159.80831909"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F006.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="153.10554504" height="159.80831909"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F006c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="153.10554504" height="159.80831909"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>5个血管新生相关基因在DR中高表达</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">在独立数据集GSE60436和GSE94019中，对5个候选基因的表达水平进行验证。结果显示，这些基因在GSE60436数据集的DR组中较对照组显著上调（图 <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">7</xref>A-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">7</xref>E，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）。在GSE94019数据集中，COL1A1、<italic>COL1A2</italic>、<italic>FN1</italic>和<italic>TP53</italic>也在DR样本中表达显著上调（图 <xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">7</xref>F-<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">7</xref>H、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">7</xref>J，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05），而TNF的差异无统计学意义（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F7">图7</xref>I）。</p><fig position="float" id="F7"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F007</object-id><label>图7</label><caption><title>糖尿病视网膜病变中5个候选基因的表达水平验证</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.7</label><title>Validation of the expression levels of five candidate genesin diabetic retinopathy</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A-J： Boxplots showed the expression levels of <italic>COL1A1</italic> （A， F）， <italic>COL1A2 </italic>（B， G）， <italic>FN1</italic> （C， H）， <italic>TNF</italic> （D， I）， and <italic>TP53</italic> （E， J） in DR samples and controls from the GSE60436 and GSE94019 datasets； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01 <italic>vs</italic> Con group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F007.eps" id="Graphic7"><?fx-imagestate width="163.33610535" height="135.11390686"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F007.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="163.33610535" height="135.11390686"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F007c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="163.33610535" height="135.11390686"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2e"><label>2.5</label><title>血管新生相关基因的免疫浸润分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用CIBERSORTx算法评估了GSE94019数据集样本中22种免疫细胞的浸润比例。结果显示，免疫细胞在不同样本中的分布差异明显（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">图8</xref>A）。随后对 5 个血管新生相关关键基因（<italic>COL1A1</italic>、<italic>COL1A2</italic>、<italic>FN1</italic>、<italic>TNF</italic>、<italic>TP53</italic>）与免疫细胞浸润水平进行Pearson相关性分析。结果表明，这些基因与多种免疫细胞显著相关，其中<italic>COL1A1</italic>、<italic>COL1A2</italic>与浆细胞，初始型CD4 T细胞，调节性T细胞（T cell regulatory，Tregs）等呈正相关；<italic>FN1</italic>和<italic>TP53</italic>与浆细胞，初始型CD4 T细胞呈显著正相关；而<italic>TNF</italic>与活化型自然杀伤（natural killer，NK）细胞、活化型肥大细胞呈正相关。结果提示这些基因可能通过免疫细胞浸润参与DR的发生发展（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F8">图8</xref>B）。</p><fig position="float" id="F8"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F008</object-id><label>图8</label><caption><title>GSE94019 数据集中的免疫浸润分析</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.8</label><title>Immune infiltration analysis in the GSE94019 dataset</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Stacked barplot showed the fraction of 22 immune cell subsets in each sample， estimated by CIBERSORTx using the LM22 signature matrix； The <italic>X</italic>-axis lists the GSM sample IDs， and the <italic>Y</italic>-axis indicates the proportion of each immune cell type； B： Heatmap of Pearson correlations between the expression of five genes （<italic>COL1A1</italic>， <italic>COL1A2</italic>，<italic> FN1</italic>， <italic>TNF</italic>， <italic>TP53</italic>） and the infiltration levels of the 22 immune cell types.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F008.eps" id="Graphic8"><?fx-imagestate width="159.80831909" height="128.05831909"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F008.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="159.80831909" height="128.05831909"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F008c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="159.80831909" height="128.05831909"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2f"><label>2.6</label><title><italic>FN1</italic>沉默抑制高糖（high glucose， HG）诱导的HRMEC的增殖</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">通过综合生物信息学分析筛选出5个潜在关键基因。综合差异表达分析、PPI网络结果及诊断效能曲线后，FN1表现出最高的连接度与诊断价值。qRT-PCR和Western blot结果表明，<italic>FN1</italic>在HG处理的HRMEC细胞中显著上调（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">9</xref>A–<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">9</xref>C）。进一步通过siRNA敲低<italic>FN1</italic>发现，其mRNA和蛋白水平均明显下降，验证了转染效率（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">9</xref>D–<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">9</xref>F）。此外，CCK-8检测显示，<italic>FN1</italic>沉默显著抑制了高糖处理后HRMEC的增殖能力（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F9">图9</xref>G）。</p><fig position="float" id="F9"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F009</object-id><label>图9</label><caption><title>24 h高糖刺激下<italic>FN1</italic>敲低对HRMEC增殖的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.9</label><title>The effects of <italic>FN1</italic> knockdown on HRMEC proliferationunder high glucose stimulation</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） analysis of <italic>FN1</italic> mRNA expression levels； B，C： Western blot analysis of FN1 protein expression levels； D： qRT-PCR analysis of <italic>FN1</italic> knockdown efficiency in the DR cell model； E，F： Western blot analysis of FN1 knockdown efficiency in the DR cell model； G： After <italic>FN1</italic> knockdown in the DR cell model， CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of HRMECs at 0， 24， 48， 72， and 96 h in different treatment groups； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01，<sup> ***</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> NG group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01 <italic>vs</italic> HG+si-NC group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F009.eps" id="Graphic9"><?fx-imagestate width="169.68609619" height="118.18054962"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F009.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.68609619" height="118.18054962"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F009c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.68609619" height="118.18054962"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2g"><label>2.7</label><title><italic>FN1</italic>沉默抑制HG诱导的HRMEC的迁移和管形成并激活P53信号通路</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">Transwell实验结果显示，HG处理促进了HRMEC迁移，而<italic>FN1</italic>沉默显著减弱了这种效应（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10</xref>A、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10</xref>B）。管腔形成实验进一步证实，HG诱导的血管生成能力显著增强，而<italic>FN1</italic>敲低显著抑制了管腔数量和分支长度（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10</xref>C–<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10</xref>E）。Western blot结果显示，HG处理下P53蛋白水平显著下调，而沉默FN1后P53表达部分恢复（图<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10</xref>F、<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F10">10</xref>G）。提示<italic>FN1</italic>可能通过调控P53信号通路参与DR疾病发展。</p><fig position="float" id="F10"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F010</object-id><label>图10</label><caption><title><italic>FN1</italic>敲低对HRMEC迁移、血管生成和P53表达的影响</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.10</label><title>The effects of <italic>FN1</italic> Knockdown on HRMEC migration， angiogenesis， and P53 expression</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A，B： Transwell assays showed the migration of HRMECs under NG， HG， HG + si-NC， or HG + si-FN1 treatment； migrated cells were stained with crystal violet and quantified × 200； C-E： Tube formation assays on Matrigel， including representative images （C）， the number of tubes formed （D）， and quantification of branch length （E）× 200； F，G： Representative Western blot images of tumor suppressor P53 expression （F） and quantification normalized to GAPDH （G）； <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05， <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01， <sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs </italic>NG group； <sup>#</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05，<sup> ##</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.01 <italic>vs</italic> HG + si-NC group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F010.eps" id="Graphic10"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="77.02267456"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F010.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="77.02267456"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/7EFA680F-9D90-4983-A9C2-71FE9A2FEBD7-F010c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="77.02267456"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>随着DR病程进展，视网膜缺血区域会分泌大量促血管生成因子，从而诱导异常血管的生成<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>。血管新生程度与DR严重程度和视力丧失高度相关。本次研究得到与DR相关的237个血管新生相关基因。这些基因与血管生成、PI3K-Akt、P53、TNF、TGF-beta及JAK-STAT等通路相关。</p><p>本研究鉴定出5个关键基因（<italic>COL1A1</italic>、<italic>COL1A2</italic>、<italic>FN1</italic>、<italic>TNF</italic>和<italic>TP53</italic>）在DR样本中持续高表达，并具有较高的临床诊断价值。HG刺激通过激活<italic>TP53</italic>并促其核转位，加速铁死亡与内皮损伤，导致血视网膜屏障破坏<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>。这5个基因在多个经典通路中富集，包括JAK-STAT信号通路、Toll样受体信号通路和P53通路。在糖尿病小鼠模型中，JAK/STAT通路持续激活，导致异常血管生成并促进DR进展<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>。5'-N-乙基酰胺基腺苷通过抑制树突状细胞中的Toll样受体信号通路减轻DR的严重程度<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>。异槲皮素通过抑制P53信号通路减轻了糖尿病小鼠的视网膜损伤<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>。综上所述，5个关键基因可能通过多种信号通路驱动疾病进展。然而，未能进一步通过蛋白组数据进行交叉验证。</p><p>在DR进展过程中循环免疫细胞可浸润进入视网膜，其中先天免疫细胞的异常激活和浸润会引发血管及神经退化<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>。中性粒细胞、T细胞、B淋巴细胞以及单核/巨噬细胞等多类免疫细胞也在DR中表现出异常表达。此外，在DR样本中，B细胞、浆细胞、记忆性CD4 T细胞、Treg、M0巨噬细胞、M1巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞这7种类型的免疫细胞均显著过表达<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>。本次研究通过免疫浸润分析发现样本间免疫细胞分布存在显著差异。并且，血管新生相关关键基因与多种免疫细胞显著相关。这提示这些基因可能通过调控免疫细胞浸润参与 DR 的发生发展。</p><p><italic>FN1</italic>已证实能够促进内皮细胞活性和促血管生成因子的表达<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>。本研究中，HG处理导致<italic>FN1</italic>表达上调。沉默<italic>FN1</italic>抑制HRMEC的增殖、迁移和管腔形成。研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>发现P53可通过抑制VEGF信号转导发挥血管生成负调控因子的作用。在机制层面，P53加剧了DR患者的视网膜内皮细胞凋亡<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>。高血糖条件下LINC00673通过负调控P53发挥视网膜色素上皮细胞保护作用<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>。在本次研究中，P53在HG诱导的HRMEC细胞中高表达，而沉默<italic>FN1</italic>可部分逆转这一结果，这表明<italic>FN1</italic>可能通过抑制P53信号传导来促进DR中的病理性血管生成。值得注意的是，磷酸化P53在细胞内更为稳定，并同样能够促进细胞衰老及抑制增殖。未来研究应进一步探究FN1对磷酸化P53的调控及其在糖尿病视网膜病变血管新生中的具体机制，以完善FN1-P53信号轴的作用模型。</p><p>综上所述，本研究鉴定了5个血管生成相关基因（<italic>COL1A1</italic>、<italic>COL1A2</italic>、<italic>FN1</italic>、<italic>TNF</italic>和TP53），作为DR的潜在关键调控因子，它们表现出较高的诊断价值，在多条经典信号通路中富集，并与免疫细胞浸润密切相关。功能实验进一步证实，<italic>FN1</italic> 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