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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V267-刘正跃-脑肿瘤患儿</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）05–0901–07</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05 014</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 968</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>临床医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>脑肿瘤患儿<italic>VEGFA</italic>基因多态性对化疗毒性和临床预后的影响研究</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effects of <italic>VEGFA</italic> genetic polymorphisms on chemotherapy toxicities and clinical prognosis in children with brain tumors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>刘</surname><given-names>正跃</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Zhengyue</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>孟</surname><given-names>令嘉</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Meng</surname><given-names>Lingjia</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>闫</surname><given-names>安</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yan</surname><given-names>An</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>李</surname><given-names>苗</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Miao</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>王</surname><given-names>淑梅</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Shumei</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院，药学部</institution>、，<city>北京</city>  <postal-code>100038</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital， Capital Medical University</institution>， <city>Beijing</city>  <postal-code>100038</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label><institution>首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院，儿科</institution>，<city>北京</city>  <postal-code>100038</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Shijitan Hospital， Capital Medical University</institution>， <city>Beijing</city>  <postal-code>100038</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Wang Shumei</named-content>， E-mail： <email>wangshumei1980@126.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">刘正跃</named-content>，男，硕士，药师</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">王淑梅</named-content>，女，博士，主任药师，硕士生导师，通信作者， E-mail： <email>wangshumei1980@126.com</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-10T08：18：13"><day>10</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date>    <history><date date-type="received">       <day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date>  </history><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>901</fpage><lpage>907</lpage><page-range>901-907</page-range><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探讨脑肿瘤儿童血管内皮生长因子A（<italic>VEGFA</italic>）基因rs2010963和rs3025039位点遗传多态性对化疗毒性和临床预后的影响。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>纳入104例接受标准化疗的脑肿瘤患儿，应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱平台进行<italic>VEGFA</italic> rs2010963 C&gt;G和rs3025039 C&gt;T多态性分型，采用<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>检验分析基因型与化疗毒性的相关性，采用Cox回归分析临床病理特征、基因型与无进展生存期（PFS）的相关性，基于生物信息学方法分析两个SNP位点影响的调控因子。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>脑肿瘤组织中<italic>VEGFA</italic>的表达（5.17±1.81）显著高于正常对照（4.33±1.56，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001），<italic>VEGFA</italic>高表达组的总生存期显著低于低表达组（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）。rs2010963位点CC、CG和GG基因型的占比分别为14.42%、55.77%和29.81%，C和G等位基因的占比分别为42.31%和57.69%，rs3025039位点CC、CT和TT基因型的占比分别为70.19%、25.96%和3.85%，C和T等位基因的占比分别为83.17%和16.83%。rs3025039位点CC基因型组的血小板减少症（46.58%）和胃肠道毒性（56.16%）发生率显著高于CT基因型组（22.22%、33.33%，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05），凝血障碍发生率（4.11%）显著低于TT基因型组（50.00%，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05），高脂血症发生率（2.74%）显著低于CT基因型组（14.82%，<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）。在单因素和多因素Cox回归分析中，肿瘤类型和rs2010963基因型均与PFS显著相关（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）。生信分析结果显示，rs2010963和rs3025039多态性分别通过影响转录因子和miRNA与靶基因序列的结合，从而调控<italic>VEGFA</italic>表达。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p><italic>VEGFA</italic> rs3025039 CC基因型是血小板减少症和胃肠道毒性的危险因素，是凝血障碍和高脂血症的保护因素，rs2010963 CG基因型是脑肿瘤进展的保护因素。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To explore the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor A （<italic>VEGFA</italic>） rs2010963 and rs3025039 polymorphisms on chemotherapy toxicities and clinical prognosis in children with brain tumors.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 104 pediatric patients with brain tumors receiving standardized chemotherapy were enrolled. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry was used for <italic>VEGFA </italic>rs2010963 and rs3025039 genotyping. The <italic>χ</italic>² test was applied to analyze the association between genotypes and chemotherapy‑related toxicities. Cox regression was used to evaluate the correlations of clinicopathological characteristics and genotypes with the progression‑free survival （PFS）. In addition， bioinformatic analyses were conducted to investigate the regulatory factors potentially affected by the two SNP loci.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The <italic>VEGFA </italic>expression in brain tumors （5.17±1.81） was significantly higher than that in normal tissues （4.33±1.56， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）. Patients with high <italic>VEGFA </italic>expression had significantly worse overall survival than patients with low <italic>VEGFA </italic>expression （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）. Among the 104 children with brain tumors included， the rs2010963 CC， CG， and GG genotypes accounted for 14.42%， 55.77%， and 29.81%， respectively. The frequencies of C and G alleles were 42.31% and 57.69%， respectively. The rs3025039 CC， CT， and TT genotypes accounted for 70.19%， 25.96%， and 3.85%， respectively. The frequencies of C and T alleles were 83.17% and 16.83%， respectively. The children with the rs3025039 CC genotype had significantly higher incidences of thrombocytopenia （46.58%） and gastrointestinal toxicity （56.16%） than CT genotype carriers （22.22% and 33.33%， respectively， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）， and significantly lower incidences of coagulation disorders （4.11%） than TT genotype carriers （50.00%， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）.The incidence of hyperlipidemia （2.74%） was significantly lower than that in the CT genotype carriers （14.82%， <italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）. The tumor type and the rs2010963 genotype were significantly associated with PFS （<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05） in univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the rs2010963 and rs3025039 polymorphisms regulated <italic>VEGFA</italic> expression by affecting the binding of transcription factors and miRNAs to their target gene sequences， respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The <italic>VEGFA</italic> rs3025039 CC genotype is a risk factor for thrombocytopenia and gastrointestinal toxicity， and a protective factor for coagulation disorders and hyperlipidemia. The rs2010963 CG genotype is a protective factor for brain tumor progression.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>脑肿瘤</kwd><kwd>血管内皮生长因子A</kwd><kwd>单核苷酸多态性</kwd><kwd>化疗毒性</kwd><kwd>预后</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>brain tumor</kwd><kwd>vascular endothelial growth factor A</kwd><kwd>single nucleotide polymorphism</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy toxicity</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>国家自然科学基金项目</funding-source><award-id>81872926</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>国家自然科学基金项目（编号：81872926）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source><award-id>81872926</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81872926）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="2"/><table-count count="3"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="15"/><page-count count="7"/><word-count count="16074"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25090</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-06-30T14:02:57</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>近年来，脑肿瘤发病率不断上升，严重威胁患儿生命健康与神经发育，并带来沉重的医疗与社会负担<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>。当前手术联合放、化疗虽改善了生存，但仍面临化疗耐药、毒副反应明显及易复发等问题，亟待从分子层面探索精准诊疗策略。血管内皮生长因子A（vascular endothelial growth factor A，VEGFA）介导的肿瘤血管生成在恶性肿瘤发生、发展及微环境调控中至关重要<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>，其基因多态性可能通过调控表达水平影响肿瘤生物学行为及治疗反应，其中rs2010963位点被报道与肿瘤化疗耐受性及恶性进展有关<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>，而rs3025039位点则与肿瘤血管生成能力及相关并发症风险密切相关<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>。然而，针对中国儿童脑肿瘤人群的相关研究仍较缺乏，且不同种群间基因型分布与临床意义存在异质性。因此，该研究旨在分析中国脑肿瘤儿童<italic>VEGFA</italic>基因rs2010963和rs3025039位点多态性对化疗相关毒性及临床预后的影响，以期为化疗风险预测和个体化治疗提供依据。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>病例资料</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">本研究为单中心回顾性研究，以2019年1月—2023年12月在首都医科大学附属北京世纪坛医院儿科进行化疗的104例脑肿瘤患儿［男61/女43，年龄3.00（2.00， 7.00）岁］为研究对象。纳入标准：① 经病理或核磁检查确诊为脑肿瘤；② 年龄不超过18周岁，性别不限；③ 接受以环磷酰胺、长春新碱、铂类、大剂量甲氨蝶呤为基础的化疗方案。排除标准：① <italic>VEGFA</italic> rs2010963 C&gt;G或rs3025039 C&gt;T基因分型不成功；② 病例资料不完整。本研究获得本院科学研究伦理委员会批准［批号：sjtkyll-lx-2023（053）］。</p></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>试剂与仪器</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">DNA提取试剂盒购自美国Qiagen公司。基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱（matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry，MALDI-TOF-MS）系统（美国Sequenom公司）；GeneAmp<sup>®</sup> 9700型PCR仪（美国ABI公司）。</p></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title><italic>VEGFA</italic> rs2010963和rs3025039位点基因型分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">按照既往文献<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>方法，从外周血中提取基因组DNA，通过1.5%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳鉴定DNA的完整性。通过MALDI-TOF-MS法进行基因型检测，rs2010963位点所用引物分别为F：5′-ACGTTGGA TGAAGAGCTCCAGAGAGAAGTC-3′，R：5′-ACGT TGGATGAGCAGGTCACTCACTTTGCC-3′，单碱基延伸引物：5′-GGCGTGCGAGCAGCGAAAG-3′，rs3025039位点所用引物分别为F：5′-ACGTTG GATGTGAAGGAAGAGGAGACTCTG-3′，R：5′-ACG TTGGATGATGGCGAATCCAATTCCAAG-3′，单碱基延伸引物：5′-GCGGGTGACCCAGCA-3′，实验操作细节同既往研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>。</p></sec><sec id="s1d"><label>1.4</label><title>观察指标</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">本研究分析的安全性指标包括在脑肿瘤患儿化疗过程中观察到的血液系统、消化系统、肝脏、肾脏、心脏、电解质、皮疹、黏膜炎等方面的不良事件，依据当前通用的药物不良事件术语评定标准5.0版进行判定。预后指标为无进展生存期（progression-free survival，PFS）。</p></sec><sec id="s1e"><label>1.5</label><title>生物信息学分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">本研究自UCSC（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://xenabrowser.net/">https：//xenabrowser.net/</ext-link>）数据库中下载了经统一标准化的美国癌症基因组图谱计划（the cancer genome atlas，TCGA）脑瘤患者（<italic>n</italic>=662）和GTEx正常对照（<italic>n</italic>=1 157）的<italic>VEGFA</italic>基因表达数据，进行<italic>VEGFA</italic>的差异表达分析；自中国脑胶质瘤基因组图谱计划（Chinese glioma genome atas，CGGA；<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.cgga.org.cn/index.jsp">https：//www.cgga.org.cn/index.jsp</ext-link>）数据库mRNAseq_693数据集中下载了经统一标准化的<italic>VEGFA</italic>基因表达数据，分析世界卫生组织（World Health Organization，WHO）Ⅱ（<italic>n</italic>=188）、Ⅲ（<italic>n</italic>=255）、Ⅳ级（<italic>n</italic>=249）脑肿瘤中<italic>VEGFA</italic>的表达趋势，以及原发性（<italic>n</italic>=422）和复发性脑肿瘤（<italic>n</italic>=271）中<italic>VEGFA</italic>的表达差异。设置最小分组样本数&gt;25%，最大样本数分组&lt;75%，使用4.2.1版R软件包maxsta计算了<italic>VEGFA</italic>的最佳截断值，在TCGA脑肿瘤组织中以5.35为截断值，在CGGA脑肿瘤组织中以5.58为截断值，分成<italic>VEGFA</italic>高、低表达两组，分析两组的预后差异。采用SNPinf数据库（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://snpinfo.niehs.nih.gov/">https：//snpinfo.niehs.nih.gov/</ext-link>）和3DSNP v2.0（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://omic.tech/3dsnpv2/">https：//omic.tech/3dsnpv2/</ext-link>）数据库对rs2010963和rs3025039进行功能注释。</p></sec><sec id="s1f"><label>1.6</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">采用Graphpad Prism 9.0版和R软件4.2.1版本进行统计分析，统计分析均基于双尾，检验水准<italic>α</italic>=0.05。采用<italic>χ</italic><sup>2</sup>检验分析rs2010963位点和rs3025039位点多态性分布是否符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡、不同肿瘤类型之间的基因型和等位基因分布差异以及不同基因型间的化疗毒性发生率比较。采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析各变量与PFS的相关性。采用Mann Whitney <italic>U</italic>检验分析<italic>VEGFA</italic>在脑肿瘤和正常组织、不同WHO分级脑肿瘤组织以及原发性与复发性脑肿瘤组织中的表达差异。采用Log-rank检验分析<italic>VEGFA</italic>高、低表达两组之间的预后差异。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title><italic>VEGFA</italic>在脑肿瘤中的作用分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">TCGA脑瘤组织中<italic>VEGFA</italic>的表达显著高于正常组织（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>A。在CGGA脑瘤组织中<italic>VEGFA</italic>的表达呈现随WHO级别增加而增加的趋势，WHO Ⅳ级脑瘤组织中的<italic>VEGFA</italic>的表达显著高于WHO Ⅲ级（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001）和Ⅱ级（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>B。在CGGA复发性脑瘤组织中<italic>VEGFA</italic>的表达显著高于原发性脑瘤组织（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>C。分别使用TCGA和CGGA数据库中的脑肿瘤测序数据进行生存分析，结果显示<italic>VEGFA</italic>高表达组的总生存期均显著低于低表达组（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001），见<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>脑肿瘤组织中<italic>VEGFA</italic>的差异表达</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.1</label><title>Differential expression of <italic>VEGFA</italic> in brain tumors</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： <italic>VEGFA</italic> mRNA expression level in brain tumors （BT） and normal tissues （NC）； B： WHO grades Ⅱ， Ⅲ， and Ⅳ； C： <italic>VEGFA</italic> mRNA expression level in primary and recurrent brain tumors； <sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> NC group； <sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> WHO IV group； <sup>＄＄＄</sup><italic>P</italic>&lt;0.001 <italic>vs</italic> Primary group.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="155.57499695" height="61.38333893"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="155.57499695" height="61.38333893"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="155.57499695" height="61.38333893"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>脑肿瘤组织<italic>VEGFA</italic>表达与生存预后的相关性</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.2</label><title>The association between <italic>VEGFA</italic> expression in brain tumor tissues and survival prognosis</title></abstract><abstract abstract-type="note"><p>A： TCGA database； B： CGGA database.</p></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="160.86666870" height="56.79722595"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="160.86666870" height="56.79722595"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="160.86666870" height="56.79722595"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>一般资料</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">如<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">表1</xref>所示，本研究共纳入脑肿瘤患儿104例（男61例、女43例；汉族99例，少数民族5例），其中室管膜瘤（ependymoma，EPN）24例，髓母细胞瘤（medulloblastoma，MB）63例，其他脑肿瘤17例，WHO Ⅰ~Ⅱ级23例，Ⅲ~Ⅳ级81例。就诊时的中位年龄为3.00（2.00， 7.00）岁。<italic>VEGFA</italic> rs2010963和rs3025039位点各基因型组之间的基线特征分布差异无统计学意义。</p><table-wrap id="T1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.T001</object-id><label>表1</label><caption><p>基线特征表 ［<italic>M</italic>（<italic>P</italic><sub>25</sub>，<italic>P</italic><sub>75</sub>）， <italic>n</italic>（%）］</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.1</label><title>Baseline characteristics ［<italic>M</italic>（<italic>P</italic><sub>25</sub>，<italic>P</italic><sub>75</sub>）， <italic>n</italic>（%）］</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T001.jpg" id="Graphic3"><?fx-imagestate width="169.94998169" height="94.30722046"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.94998169" height="94.30722046"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.94998169" height="94.30722046"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title><italic>VEGFA </italic>rs2010963和rs3025039位点遗传多态性在脑肿瘤患儿中的分布结果</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">在104例脑肿瘤患儿中，<italic>VEGFA</italic> rs2010963和rs3025039的基因型和等位基因分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡（<italic>P</italic>&gt;0.05）。EPN、MB与其他脑肿瘤类型之间的两个位点基因型和等位基因分布差异均无统计学意义。见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">表2</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.T002</object-id><label>表2</label><caption><p><italic>VEGFA </italic>rs2010963和rs3025039位点遗传多态性在脑肿瘤患儿中的分布 ［<italic>n</italic>（%）］</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.2</label><title>The distribution of <italic>VEGFA </italic>rs2010963 and rs3025039 polymorphisms in children with brain tumors ［<italic>n</italic>（%）］</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table1"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">SNP</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Genotype and allele</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Total （<italic>n</italic>=104）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">EPN （<italic>n</italic>=24）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">MB （<italic>n</italic>=63）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Others （<italic>n</italic>=17）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">rs2010963</td><td align="center">CC</td><td align="center">15 （14.42）</td><td align="center">5 （20.83）</td><td align="center">7 （11.11）</td><td align="center">3 （17.64）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="center">CG</td><td align="center">58 （55.77）</td><td align="center">11 （45.83）</td><td align="center">40 （63.49）</td><td align="center">7 （41.18）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="center">GG</td><td align="center">31 （29.81）</td><td align="center">8 （33.33）</td><td align="center">16 （25.40）</td><td align="center">7 （41.18）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="center">C</td><td align="center">88 （42.31）</td><td align="center">21 （43.75）</td><td align="center">54 （42.86）</td><td align="center">13 （38.24）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="center">G</td><td align="center">120 （57.69）</td><td align="center">27 （56.25）</td><td align="center">72 （57.14）</td><td align="center">21 （61.76）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">rs3025039</td><td align="center">CC</td><td align="center">73 （70.19）</td><td align="center">19 （79.17）</td><td align="center">41 （65.08）</td><td align="center">13 （76.47）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="center">CT</td><td align="center">27 （25.96）</td><td align="center">5 （20.83）</td><td align="center">18 （28.57）</td><td align="center">4 （23.52）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="center">TT</td><td align="center">4 （3.85）</td><td align="center">0 （0）</td><td align="center">4 （6.35）</td><td align="center">0 （0）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left"/><td align="center">C</td><td align="center">173 （83.17）</td><td align="center">43 （89.58）</td><td align="center">100 （79.37）</td><td align="center">30 （88.24）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"/><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">T</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">35 （16.83）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">5 （10.42）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">26 （20.63）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">4 （11.76）</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="50.53400421"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="50.53400421"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>rs2010963和rs3025039位点基因型对化疗毒性的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">除rs3025039位点CC基因型组的血小板减少症发生率高于CT基因型组（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05），CC基因型组的胃肠道毒性发生率高于CT基因型组（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05），CC基因型组的凝血障碍发生率低于TT基因型组（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05），CC基因型组的高脂血症发生率低于CT基因型组（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05），其余化疗毒性的发生与rs2010963和rs3025039位点基因型无显著相关性。见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">表3</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.T003</object-id><label>表3</label><caption><p>中枢神经系统肿瘤患儿<italic>VEGFA</italic> rs2010963和rs3025039位点基因型与化疗毒性的相关性 ［<italic>n</italic>（%）］</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.3</label><title>The associations of <italic>VEGFA </italic>rs2010963 and rs3025039 genotypes with chemotherapy toxicities ［<italic>n</italic>（%）］</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T003.jpg" id="Graphic4"><?fx-imagestate width="169.94998169" height="91.76284790"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.94998169" height="91.76284790"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.94998169" height="91.76284790"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2e"><label>2.5</label><title>rs2010963和rs3025039位点基因型对PFS的影响</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">在单因素Cox回归分析中年龄、肿瘤类型、WHO分级以及rs2010963基因型与PFS显著相关（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）。脑肿瘤患儿的年龄与PFS风险显著正相关（<italic>HR</italic>=1.06， <italic>P</italic>=0.023），MB患儿发生疾病进展的风险显著高于EPN患儿（<italic>HR</italic>=2.89， <italic>P</italic>=0.010），WHO Ⅰ~Ⅱ级患儿发生疾病进展的风险显著低于Ⅲ~Ⅳ级患儿（<italic>HR</italic>=0.49， <italic>P</italic>=0.040），rs2010963位点CG基因型患儿发生疾病进展的风险显著低于GG基因型患儿（<italic>HR</italic>=0.52， <italic>P</italic>=0.021）。在多因素Cox回归分析中，肿瘤类型和rs2010963基因型仍与PFS显著相关（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）。见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">表4</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.T004</object-id><label>表4</label><caption><p>PFS的单变量和多变量Cox回归分析</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.4</label><title>Univariable and multivariable Cox regression analysis of PFS</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table2"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Characteristic</th><th align="center" rowspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;"><italic>n</italic></th><th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Univariate analysis</th><th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Multivariate analysis</th></tr><tr><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>HR</italic> （95% <italic>CI</italic>）</th><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>P</italic> value</th><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>HR </italic>（95% <italic>CI</italic>）</th><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>P</italic> value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">Age</td><td align="center">104</td><td align="center">1.06 （1.01 - 1.11）</td><td align="center">0.023</td><td align="center">1.02 （0.95 - 1.09）</td><td align="center">0.577</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Gender</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Female</td><td align="center">43</td><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Male</td><td align="center">61</td><td align="center">1.42 （0.82 - 2.46）</td><td align="center">0.215</td><td align="center">1.43 （0.77 - 2.65）</td><td align="center">0.264</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Ethnic group</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Han</td><td align="center">99</td><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Ethnic minority</td><td align="center">5</td><td align="center">0.57 （0.14 - 2.35）</td><td align="center">0.438</td><td align="center">0.51 （0.12 - 2.28）</td><td align="center">0.380</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Tumor diagnosis</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">EPN</td><td align="center">24</td><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">MB</td><td align="center">63</td><td align="center">2.89 （1.29 - 6.46）</td><td align="center">0.010</td><td align="center">2.80 （1.12 - 6.97）</td><td align="center">0.027</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Others</td><td align="center">17</td><td align="center">1.56 （0.58 - 4.21）</td><td align="center">0.383</td><td align="center">1.68 （0.57 - 4.93）</td><td align="center">0.348</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">WHO Grade</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Ⅲ-Ⅳ</td><td align="center">81</td><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Ⅰ-Ⅱ</td><td align="center">23</td><td align="center">0.49 （0.24 - 0.97）</td><td align="center">0.040</td><td align="center">0.77 （0.30 - 1.96）</td><td align="center">0.581</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">The rs2010963 genotype</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">GG</td><td align="center">31</td><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">CC</td><td align="center">15</td><td align="center">0.55 （0.23 - 1.30）</td><td align="center">0.172</td><td align="center">0.57 （0.22 - 1.50）</td><td align="center">0.255</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">CG</td><td align="center">58</td><td align="center">0.52 （0.29 - 0.91）</td><td align="center">0.021</td><td align="center">0.44 （0.23 - 0.85）</td><td align="center">0.014</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">The rs3025039 genotype</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">CC</td><td align="center">73</td><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/><td align="center">Reference</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">CT</td><td align="center">27</td><td align="center">1.42 （0.79 - 2.56）</td><td align="center">0.247</td><td align="center">1.51 （0.80 - 2.83）</td><td align="center">0.202</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;text-indent:1em;">TT</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">4</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">1.29 （0.31 - 5.36）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">0.727</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">1.12 （0.23 - 5.39）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">0.891</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="110.79997253"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="110.79997253"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2f"><label>2.6</label><title><italic>VEGFA</italic> rs2010963和rs3025039位点多态性功能分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">rs2010963和rs3025039均位于6p21.1，rs2010963的功能注释为5’非翻译区变异，rs3025039的功能注释为3’非翻译区变异，SNPinf数据库分析结果显示，rs2010963处于转录因子结合区域内，可能通过影响基本螺旋-环-螺旋家族成员 E40（basic helix-loop-helix family member E40，BHLHE40）、染色质域解旋酶DNA结合蛋白1（chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 1，CHD1）、Zeste同源物增强子2（enhancer of Zeste homolog 2，EZH2）等转录因子与RNA序列的结合调控<italic>VEGFA</italic>表达，rs3025039处于miRNA结合区域内，可能通过影响hsa-miR-145、hsa-miR-591、hsa-miR-636、hsa-miR-638与靶基因序列的结合调控<italic>VEGFA</italic>表达。见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">表5</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.001.T005</object-id><label>表5</label><caption><p><italic>VEGFA</italic> rs2010963和rs3025039位点遗传多态性的功能预测</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.5</label><title>The predicted functions of <italic>VEGFA</italic> rs2010963 and rs3025039 polymorphisms</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table3"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">SNP</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Allele</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">TFBS/ miRNA</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">rs2010963</td><td align="center">C/G</td><td align="left">BHLHE40，CHD1，EZH2，GTF2B，MAZ，POLR2A，RCOR1，REST，SIN3AK20，TAF1，TAF7，TBP，USF1，WRNIP1，YY1，ZBTB7A</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">rs3025039</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">C/T</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">hsa-miR-145，hsa-miR-591，hsa-miR-636，hsa-miR-638</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="18.42808342"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/4703C075-1536-4b42-9582-5AF3D9EF196B-T005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="18.42808342"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p>儿童脑肿瘤的治疗至今仍是一项严峻的临床挑战，其高度的异质性和治疗相关毒性迫切需要寻找能够指导个体化治疗的生物标志物。本研究聚焦于血管生成的核心调控因子——<italic>VEGFA</italic>基因rs2010963和rs3025039位点的多态性，旨在探索其对脑肿瘤患儿化疗毒性和预后的影响。本研究中，<italic>VEGFA</italic>在脑肿瘤中高表达与不良预后相关，rs3025039多态性与特定化疗毒性显著相关，而rs2010963基因型则与疾病进展风险相关。这些结果提示<italic>VEGFA</italic>遗传变异在影响儿童脑肿瘤治疗反应中的潜在价值。</p><p>在脑肿瘤中，VEGFA通过激活VEGFR2等信号通路，促进肿瘤新生血管形成，支持肿瘤生长与侵袭<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>。同时，VEGFA可增加血管通透性，导致免疫抑制微环境，并可能影响化疗药物的局部浓度与疗效<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>， <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>。这些机制共同解释了本研究中观察到的<italic>VEGFA</italic>高表达与患儿较差生存结局的关联，也与既往关于VEGFA作为实体瘤不良预后因子的报道一致<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>。然而，其在儿童脑肿瘤中的具体作用机制仍需进一步探索。</p><p>本研究测得的<italic>VEGFA</italic> rs2010963和rs3025039变异频率与中国其他人群相近<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>，但rs2010963变异频率高于欧洲人群，rs3025039变异频率低于欧洲人群<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>，提示其种族特异性，在跨种族比较和结果解读时需谨慎。在中国人群和伊朗人群均有研究显示，rs2010963和rs3025039多态性与胶质母细胞瘤发生风险显著相关<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>，<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>。另外，有研究显示在中国南方汉族人群中rs2010963多态性与乳腺癌增殖指数Ki-67相关<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>，但在巴西非转移性乳腺癌患者中未发现其对病理特征和预后的显著影响<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>，这反映了不同种族和肿瘤类型中<italic>VEGFA</italic>多态性效应的异质性，凸显了遗传背景与肿瘤微环境在调节其生物学效应中的复杂性。</p><p>关于rs3025039 CC基因型同时影响多种化疗毒性的矛盾效应，可能与VEGF通路的多效性和组织特异性有关<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>。肠道黏膜中，高水平的VEGF可能过度增加血管通透性，加剧化疗药物对脆弱黏膜的损伤，导致严重的胃肠道毒性。在骨髓造血微环境，VEGF的过高水平可能反而会破坏血管壁的完整性，影响造血干细胞的归巢和增殖，可能与血液学毒性相关联。另外，rs3025039位点还会影响染色质三维结构或非编码RNA与靶基因结合，在不同细胞类型中产生差异化的基因调控效果，从而导致VEGF在表达水平、时空特异性上产生细微差别，最终引发不同的表型<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>。本研究初步揭示了rs3025039多态性与儿童肿瘤化疗毒性间的关联，为基因分型指导临床风险预测提供了依据，但未来前瞻性研究需完善合并用药等混杂因素的记录，以更精确地评估各种因素的作用。在rs2010963多态性与PFS相关性方面，已有文献<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>表明该位点可通过影响5′非编码区转录因子结合，从而调节<italic>VEGFA</italic>的启动子活性及蛋白表达量。具体机制上，C等位基因携带者往往表现出更高的<italic>VEGFA</italic>表达，进而促进肿瘤血管形成和耐药通路的激活<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>。</p><p>本研究的局限性包括：单中心回顾性设计可能引入选择偏倚；由于化疗方案复杂且周期长，未校正合并用药等混杂因素；机制验证缺少荧光素酶报告基因等功能实验；使用公共数据库数据而非患者样本验证<italic>VEGFA</italic>表达。未来需要多中心前瞻性研究，结合功能实验和蛋白水平验证，深入探讨<italic>VEGFA</italic>基因多态性的分子机制及临床价值。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation 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