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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" xml:lang="zh" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/xsd/JATS-journalpublishing1.xsd"><front><journal-meta><!-- 出版商赋予期刊ID--><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">YIKE</journal-id><journal-title-group><!-- 期刊中文全称--><journal-title>安徽医科大学学报</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文全称--><journal-title xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</journal-title><!-- 期刊英文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher" xml:lang="en">Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui</abbrev-journal-title><!-- 期刊中文缩写--><abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">安徽医科大学学报</abbrev-journal-title></journal-title-group><!-- 期刊ISSN号--><issn pub-type="ppub">1000-1492</issn><!-- 期刊CN号--><issn pub-type="cn">34-1065/R</issn><publisher><!--出版商英文名称【预置实体】 待确认 --><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Anhui Lianzhong Printing Limited Company</publisher-name><!--出版商英文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc xml:lang="en">Editorial Board of Acta Universitatis Medi-cinalis Anhui Meishan Road , Hefei 230032</publisher-loc><!-- 出版商中文名称【预置实体】--><publisher-name>《安徽医科大学学报》编辑部</publisher-name><!--出版商中文地址【预置实体】 --><publisher-loc>安徽省合肥市安徽医科大学校内老图书馆三楼</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1000–1492（2026）05–0931–06</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05 018</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">V185-彭玉婉-基因多态性-</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="clc"><subject>R 697.25</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="dc"><subject>A</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>临床医学研究</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title><italic>EDNRA</italic>基因多态性与汉族男性先天性双侧输精管缺如的相关性研究</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Relationship between <italic>EDNRA</italic> gene polymorphisms and congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens in the male Han Chinese population</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>彭</surname><given-names>玉婉</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Peng</surname><given-names>Yuwan</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>贺</surname><given-names>小进</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>He</surname><given-names>Xiaojin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>杨</surname><given-names>晓玉</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>Xiaoyu</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>王</surname><given-names>晶</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Jing</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>王</surname><given-names>彬彬</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Binbin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>汤</surname><given-names>冬冬</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tang</surname><given-names>Dongdong</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>魏</surname><given-names>兆莲</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Wei</surname><given-names>Zhaolian</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern"><surname>曹</surname><given-names>云霞</given-names></name><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="en"><surname>Cao</surname><given-names>Yunxia</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"/><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fna2"/></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><label>1</label><institution>安徽医科大学第一附属医院，妇产科</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230022</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><label>5</label><institution>安徽医科大学第一附属医院，生殖医学中心</institution>，<city>合肥</city>  <postal-code>230022</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>5</label><institution>Reproductive Medicine Center ，The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University</institution>， <city>Hefei</city>  <postal-code>230022</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><label>2</label><institution>上海市第一人民医院 生殖医学中心</institution>，<city>上海</city>  <postal-code>200080</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>2</label><institution>Reproductive Medicine Center， Shanghai First People's Hospital</institution>， <city>Shanghai</city>  <postal-code>200080</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><label>3</label><institution>江苏省人民医院生殖医学中心</institution>，<city>南京</city>  <postal-code>210009</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>3</label><institution>Reproductive Medicine Center， Jiangsu Province Hospital</institution>， <city>Nanjing</city>  <postal-code>210009</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><label>4</label><institution>国家人口计划生育科研所</institution>，<city>北京</city>  <postal-code>100081</postal-code></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><label>4</label><institution>National Research Institute for Family Planning</institution>， <city>Beijing</city>  <postal-code>100081</postal-code></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp xml:lang="en" id="cor1"><named-content content-type="corresp-name">Cao Yunxia</named-content>， E-mail： <email>caoyunxia6@126.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna1"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">彭玉婉</named-content>，女，硕士研究生，主治医师</p></fn><fn fn-type="other" specific-use="about-author" id="fna2"><p><named-content content-type="corresp-name">曹云霞</named-content>，女，教授，主任医师，博士生导师，通信作者，E-mail：<email>caoyunxia6@126.com</email></p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-11T14：33：34"><day>11</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date>    <history><date date-type="received">       <day>26</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date>  </history><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>23</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>61</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-id>16</issue-id><fpage>931</fpage><lpage>936</lpage><page-range>931-936</page-range><abstract abstract-type="key-points"><sec><title>目的</title><p>探究内皮素A型受体基因（<italic>EDNRA）</italic>与先天性双侧输精管缺如（CBAVD）之间的关联。</p></sec><sec><title>方法</title><p>收集汉族男性124例患有CBAVD病例人群和100例健康汉族对照人群。采用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性技术（PCR - RFLP）和直接测序方法检测<italic>EDNRA</italic>基因中的两个单核苷酸多态性位点（rs5335、rs1801708）在两组人群中的频率分布。</p></sec><sec><title>结果</title><p>两个多态性位点的等位基因、基因型频率在两组间差异无统计学意义（rs1801708：<italic>P</italic> =0.220 2、0.163 2；rs5335：<italic>P</italic>=0.805 8、0.818 6），单倍型 rs1801708-rs5335 AG在两组中差异有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>=0.008 6， <italic>OR</italic>=2.178， 95% <italic>CI</italic>： 1.207~3.929），单倍型 rs1801708-rs5335 GG在两组中差异也有统计学意义（<italic>P</italic>=0.038 5， <italic>OR</italic>= 0.671， 95% <italic>CI</italic>： 0.460~0.980） ，Bonferroni校正后结果单倍型A-G <italic>P</italic> =0.008 6 &lt; 0.012 5，仍然显著，单倍型G-G不显著。</p></sec><sec><title>结论</title><p><italic>EDNRA</italic>单倍型 rs1801708-rs5335 AG与CBAVD的发生发展有正相关性。</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract abstract-type="key-points" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>To investigate the association between endothelin receptor type A gene （<italic>EDNRA</italic>） and congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens （CBAVD）.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>This case-control study consisted of 124 subjects with CBAVD and 100 fertile controls.Two single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs： rs5335 and rs1801708） in the <italic>EDNRA</italic> gene were genotyped <italic>via </italic>PCR， PCR-RFLP analysis， and direct sequencing.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>No significant differences existed between <italic>EDNRA</italic> polymorphisms and CBAVD phenotype （rs1801708： <italic>P</italic>=0.220 2， 0.163 2； rs5335： <italic>P</italic>=0.805 8， 0.818 6）. However， the rs1801708-rs5335 haplotype AG was notably associated with an increased risk of CBAVD （<italic>P</italic>=0.008 6， <italic>OR</italic>=2.178， 95% <italic>CI</italic>： 1.207-3.929）. A significantly protective effect of rs1801708-rs5335 haplotype GG on CBAVD （<italic>P</italic>=0.038 5， <italic>OR</italic>= 0.671， 95% <italic>CI</italic>： 0.460-0.980） was observed. After Bonferroni correction， the result for haplotype A-G remained significant （<italic>P</italic> =0.008 6&lt;0.012 5）， while haplotype G-G was not significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The rs1801708-rs5335 AG haplotype of <italic>EDNRA</italic> is a potential risk factor for CBAVD development in Han Chinese.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>输精管/畸形</kwd><kwd>先天性双侧输精管缺如</kwd><kwd>内皮素受体A 基因</kwd><kwd>单核苷酸多态性</kwd><kwd>单倍型</kwd><kwd>汉族男性</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en" kwd-group-type="author"><kwd>progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocol</kwd><kwd>luteal phase long protocol</kwd><kwd>antagonist Protocol</kwd><kwd>embryo euploidy rate</kwd><kwd>frozen-thawing embryo transfer</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source>安徽省高校科研计划项目</funding-source><award-id>2024AH030028</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>安徽省高校科研计划项目（编号：2024AH030028）</funding-statement></funding-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><award-group><funding-source>Research Project of Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine</funding-source><award-id>2023zhyx-C38</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee</funding-source><award-id>2024AH030028</award-id></award-group><funding-statement>Research Project of Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine （No.2023zhyx-C38）</funding-statement><funding-statement>Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee （No. 2024AH030028）</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="2"/><table-count count="5"/><equation-count count="0"/><ref-count count="15"/><page-count count="6"/><word-count count="16127"/></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>version</meta-name><meta-value>1.0.0.25091</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>structure-time</meta-name><meta-value>2026-06-30T11:07:45</meta-value></custom-meta><custom-meta><meta-name>word-source</meta-name><meta-value>FX</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><p>先天性双侧输精管缺如（congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens， CBAVD）是导致梗阻性无精子症（obstructive azoospermia， OA）的主要原因之一，作为囊性纤维化（cystic fibrosis， CF）的孤立性生殖系统表型<sup> ［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R1">1</xref>］</sup>，其发生发展与囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子（cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator， <italic>CFTR</italic>）基因的突变存在密切关联<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>］</sup>，且存在显著种族差异：高加索人群<italic>CFTR</italic>突变检出率高，而以汉族为代表的亚洲人群突变检出率低、突变类型独特<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>，仍有部分CBAVD患者未检测到明确的<italic>CFTR</italic>突变<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>，提示非<italic>CFTR</italic>基因及环境因素参与疾病发生<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>。目前已有研究证实<italic>ADGRG2</italic><sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R4">4</xref>］</sup>等非<italic>CFTR</italic>基因与CBAVD相关，内皮素A型受体基因（endothelin receptor type A gene， <italic>EDNRA</italic>）作为CF相关易感基因，其多态性与欧洲、印度人群CBAVD发病相关<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>，且可调控细胞增殖、炎症反应等生理过程<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R7">7</xref>］</sup>，但其与汉族男性CBAVD的关联尚未明确。鉴于汉族CBAVD患者存在独特的遗传背景<sup> ［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>，该研究通过分析<italic>EDNRA</italic>基因rs5335、rs1801708位点的基因型及单倍型与汉族男性CBAVD的关联性，探讨该基因在汉族人群CBAVD中的遗传作用，为亚洲人群CBAVD的遗传机制研究提供新证据，探索潜在的遗传筛查标记。</p><sec id="s1"><label>1</label><title>材料与方法</title><sec id="s1a"><label>1.1</label><title>病例资料</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">2009年7月— 2012 年1月，于安徽医科大学第一附属医院、江苏省人民医院生殖医学中心共纳入 124 例汉族男性 CBAVD 患者及100例健康汉族男性对照。病例组由2名高年资男科医师根据体检、超声、精液常规等临床资料诊断。全部患者行染色体核型（46，XY），Y染色体微缺失均正常，排除单侧输精管缺如、输精管闭锁等其他生殖道畸形；无严重肝肾功能不全、自身免疫性疾病、染色体异常及明确的生殖系统外伤或手术史；每位参与者均已获得知情同意。每位患者均进行3次精液分析（体积&lt;2.0 mL），评估异常的精液参数。精液以1 500 r/min离心7 min，通过高倍显微镜进行分析，未捕获到精子。病例组通过经皮附睾精子抽吸术（percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration， PESA）或睾丸精子抽吸术（testicular sperm aspiration，TESA），在附睾或睾丸中发现了大量精子。对照组由100名先前育有1个或更多孩子的正常精子症男性组成。所有研究流程均遵循《赫尔辛基宣言》相关伦理准则，研究方案经安徽医科大学伦理委员会审查并批准（审批编号：ECAMU2008035）。</p></sec><sec id="s1b"><label>1.2</label><title>实验方法</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">使用QIAamp基因组DNA试剂盒（Qiagen，德国希尔德 Hilden）提取外周血基因组 DNA。将所有DNA样本的浓度标准化为25~30 ng/μL。采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性技术（polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism， PCR - RFLP）分析和直接测序检测单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphisms， SNPs）rs5335（C + 70G）和 rs1801708（G - 231A）的基因型。使用 GENETOOL 软件（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="www.biotools.com">www.biotools.com</ext-link>）设计 rs5335 和 rs1801708 的 PCR扩增引物：5′-CAGCCATAAGGACAGCAT-3′（正向）和 5′-GCTGAATACAACACGCA-3′（反向）；5′-CGC TGGTCTGACGATTGT-3′（正向）和5′-CTTGGC TACCCTTGGCAT-3′（反向）。rs5335的PCR热循环条件为95 ℃预变性3 min，40个循环（95 ℃变性25 s、61 ℃退火40 s、72 ℃延伸30 s），最后72 ℃进行7 min的终延伸。PCR产物使用限制性内切酶Tsp45I（New England Biolabs公司，北京）在65 ℃下消化2 h，然后在4%的琼脂糖凝胶上进行电泳，以鉴定C等位基因。<italic>Tsp45I</italic>基因型分为GG、CG和CC，在凝胶上分别显示为1条258 bp的片段以及164 bp和94 bp的两条片段。rs1801708的PCR热循环条件为95 ℃预变性3 min，40个循环（95 ℃变性35 s、59 ℃退火40 s、72 ℃延伸40 s，最后在72 ℃进行7 min的延伸步骤。rs1801708的基因型分为AA、AG和GG 3种。</p></sec><sec id="s1c"><label>1.3</label><title>统计学处理</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">统计分析使用在线SHEsis软件（<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://analysis.bio-x.cn/myAnalysis.php">http：//analysis.bio-x.cn/myAnalysis.php</ext-link>）和SPSS软件（SPSS 25.0）进行。卡方分析用于比较CBAVD患者与对照组之间<italic>EDNRA</italic>等位基因和基因型频率的差异，验证对照组的Hardy-Weinberg平衡，以及计算临床非连续性变量。临床参数采用<italic>t</italic>检验和方差分析<italic>（</italic>ANOVA<italic>）</italic>进行计算。<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05为差异有统计学意义；单倍型分析<italic>P</italic>值经Bonferroni校正，校正后的显著性阈值：α_corrected = 0.05 / 4 = 0.012 5。采用倾向性评分匹配校正混杂因素（所用软件：<italic>R</italic>包MatchIt）。</p></sec></sec><sec id="s2"><label>2</label><title>结果</title><sec id="s2a"><label>2.1</label><title>临床数据及rs5335、rs1801708多态性位点在病例-对照组中关联性分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">除了平均年龄［（29.85 ± 5.25） <italic>vs</italic> （33.23 ± 4.65）岁，<italic>P</italic> &lt; 0.01］及饮酒情况差异显著外，CBAVD患者与对照组在吸烟状况、吸烟年数、辐射暴露、化学品接触、体质量指数（body mass index， BMI）、右侧睾丸体积和左侧睾丸体积方面差异均无统计学意义。见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T1">表1</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.018.T001</object-id><label>表1</label><caption><p>纳入研究对象的临床基本资料 ［<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M1"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>，<italic>n</italic>（%）］</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab. 1</label><title>Characteristics of the study population ［<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M2"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-M002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-M002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>，<italic>n</italic>（%）］</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table1"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Characteristic</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">controls（<italic>n</italic>=100）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">CBAVD （<italic>n</italic>=124）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">Age（years）</td><td align="center">33.23±4.65</td><td align="center">29.85±5.25</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Smoking</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Yes</td><td align="center">48 （48.00）</td><td align="center">57 （45.96）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">No</td><td align="center">52 （52.00）</td><td align="center">67 （54.04）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Smoking years</td><td align="center">4.64±5.38</td><td align="center">3.75±4.99</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Radiation</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Yes</td><td align="center">4 （4.00）</td><td align="center">2 （1.61）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">No</td><td align="center">96 （96.00）</td><td align="center">122 （98.39）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Alcohol drinking</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Yes</td><td align="center">40（40.00）</td><td align="center">9 （7.26）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">No</td><td align="center">60 （60.00）</td><td align="center">115 （92.74）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Chemicals</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Yes</td><td align="center">2 （2.00）</td><td align="center">1 （0.81）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">No</td><td align="center">98 （98.00）</td><td align="center">123（99.19）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">BMI （kg/m<sup>2</sup>）</td><td align="center">24.13±3.14</td><td align="center">23.24±3.36</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Right testicle volume（mL）</td><td align="center">14.93±2.65</td><td align="center">15.41±3.09</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">Left testicle volume （mL）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">14.84±2.70</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">15.34±3.18</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-T001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19582367" height="86.40000916"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-T001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.19582367" height="86.40000916"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap><p>本研究中两个SNPs的基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律（<italic>P</italic> &gt; 0.05）；rs5335 位点的 GG、CG、CC 3种基因型及 G、C 等位基因频率，在两组间的分布差异均无统计学意义，rs1801708位点的基因型与等位基因频率分布趋势与之一致，组间比较差异无统计学意义。见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T2">表2</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.018.T002</object-id><label>表2</label><caption><p>rs1801708 和 rs5335 多态性位点在 CBAVD 组和对照组的关联性分析</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.2</label><title>Association analysis between rs1801708， rs5335 and CBAVD</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table2"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Parameters</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">CBAVD （<italic>n</italic>=124）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">controls （<italic>n</italic>=100）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;"><italic>χ</italic>² （df）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;"><italic>P</italic> value</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;"><italic>OR</italic> （95% <italic>CI</italic>）</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">rs1801708</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">AA</td><td align="center">25 （0.202）</td><td align="center">11 （0.110）</td><td align="center">3.624 7 （2）</td><td align="center">0.163 2</td><td align="center">-</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">AG</td><td align="center">47 （0.379）</td><td align="center">45 （0.450）</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">-</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">GG</td><td align="center">52 （0.419）</td><td align="center">44 （0.440）</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">-</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">A</td><td align="center">97 （0.391）</td><td align="center">67 （0.335）</td><td align="center">1.503 0 （1）</td><td align="center">0.220 2</td><td align="center">1.275 1 （0.864 2-1.881 4）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">G</td><td align="center">151 （0.609）</td><td align="center">133 （0.665）</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">-</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">rs5335</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">CC</td><td align="center">26 （0.210）</td><td align="center">18 （0.180）</td><td align="center">0.400 3 （2）</td><td align="center">0.818 6</td><td align="center">-</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">CG</td><td align="center">60 （0.484）</td><td align="center">52 （0.520）</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">-</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">GG</td><td align="center">38 （0.306）</td><td align="center">30 （0.300）</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">-</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">C</td><td align="center">112 （0.452）</td><td align="center">88 （0.440）</td><td align="center">0.060 4 （1）</td><td align="center">0.805 8</td><td align="center">1.048 0 （0.720 4-1.524 7）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;text-indent:1em;">G</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">136 （0.548）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">112 （0.560）</td><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"/><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;"/><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">-</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-T002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.80000305" height="65.00000000"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-T002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.80000305" height="65.00000000"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2b"><label>2.2</label><title>单倍体分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">rs1801708和rs5335变体的两种显著单倍型与CBAVD高度相关（<xref ref-type="table" rid="T3">表3</xref>）。rs1801708-rs5335单倍型AG与CBAVD风险增加显著相关（<italic>P</italic> = 0.008 6），<italic>Bonferroni</italic>校正后结果单倍型AG 0.008 6&lt; 0.012 5，仍然显著。rs1801708-rs5335单倍型GG与CBAVD风险降低可能相关（<italic>P</italic>=0.038 5），但<italic>Bonferroni</italic>校正后单倍型GG 不显著。</p><table-wrap id="T3"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.018.T003</object-id><label>表3</label><caption><p><italic>EDNRA</italic>基因单倍型分析及关联检验（Bonferroni校正后）</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.3</label><title>Haplotype analysis of <italic>EDNRA</italic> variants in the case-control study</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table3"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Haplotype</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;"><p>CBAVD</p><p>（freq）</p></th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Controls （freq）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;"><italic>OR</italic> （95%<italic>CI</italic>）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;"><p>Original</p><p><italic>P</italic> value</p></th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Result after Bonferroni correction</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">AC<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">54.07（0.218）</td><td align="center">49.46（0.247）</td><td align="center">0.849 （0.546-1.318）</td><td align="center">0.464 842</td><td align="center">not significant（&gt;0.012 5）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">AG<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">42.93（0.173）</td><td align="center">17.54（0.088）</td><td align="center">2.178 （1.207-3.929）</td><td align="center">0.008 558</td><td align="center">significant （&lt;0.012 5）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">GC<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center">57.93（0.234）</td><td align="center">38.54（0.193）</td><td align="center">1.277 （0.807-2.019）</td><td align="center">0.295 190</td><td align="center">not significant（&gt;0.012 5）</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">GG<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">93.07（0.375）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">94.46（0.472）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">0.671 （0.460-0.980）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">0.038 529</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">not significant（&gt;0.012 5）</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-T003.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="29.50000000"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-T003c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.79998779" height="29.50000000"?></graphic></alternatives><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>The order of the haplotypes was rs1801708 and rs5335； *： The indicated haplotypes could be compared； The significance threshold after Bonferroni correction： α=0.05/4=0.012 5； Comparing the original <italic>P</italic> value with 0.012 5， the <italic>P</italic> value of haplotype A-G （0.008 558） was still significant （&lt;0.012 5）， while haplotype G-G was not significant.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2c"><label>2.3</label><title>病例-对照组PSM校正</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">病例组和对照组基本资料中年龄、饮酒情况差异显著，故采用倾向性评分匹配（propensity score matching，PSM）校正混杂因素（所用软件：R包MatchIt），匹配后还剩148例，病例组和对照组各74例，所有基本资料的组间差异均不显著，具体结果如<xref ref-type="table" rid="T4">表4</xref>所示。基于匹配后数据的<italic>EDNRA</italic>单倍型分析结果显示，经Bonferroni校正后，AG单倍型显著，其余单倍型均不显著，具体结果见<xref ref-type="table" rid="T5">表5</xref>。</p><table-wrap id="T4"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.018.T004</object-id><label>表4</label><caption><p>纳入研究对象的临床基本资料（倾向性评分匹配校正混杂因素后） ［<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M3"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>，<italic>n</italic>（%）］</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.4</label><title>Clinical baseline data of included study subjects（after propensity score matching to correctconfounding factors） ［<inline-formula><alternatives><mml:math id="M4"><mml:mover accent="true"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mover></mml:math><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-M001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-M001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="1.35466671" height="2.03200006"?></graphic></alternatives></inline-formula>±<italic>s</italic>，<italic>n</italic>（%）］</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table4"><thead><tr><th align="left" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Characteristic</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Case（<italic>n</italic>=74）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Control（<italic>n</italic>=74）</th><th align="center" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;"><italic>P </italic>value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">Age（years）</td><td align="center">30.85 ±6.24</td><td align="center">32.53 ±4.61</td><td align="center">0.065</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Alcohol drinking</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">0.265</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Yes</td><td align="center">9 （12.2）</td><td align="center">15 （20.3）</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">No</td><td align="center">65 （87.8）</td><td align="center">59 （79.7）</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Smoking</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">0.406</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Yes</td><td align="center">34 （45.9）</td><td align="center">29 （39.2）</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">No</td><td align="center">40 （54.1）</td><td align="center">45 （60.8）</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Smoking years</td><td align="center">3.82 ±5.30</td><td align="center">3.72 ±5.33</td><td align="center">0.908</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Radiation</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">0.405</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Yes</td><td align="center">2 （2.7）</td><td align="center">4 （5.4）</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">No</td><td align="center">72 （97.3）</td><td align="center">70 （94.6）</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Chemicals</td><td align="left"/><td align="left"/><td align="center">0.560</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">Yes</td><td align="center">1 （1.4）</td><td align="center">2 （2.7）</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="text-indent:1em;">No</td><td align="center">73 （98.6）</td><td align="center">72 （97.3）</td><td align="left"/></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">BMI （kg/m<sup>2</sup>）</td><td align="center">23.39 ±3.52</td><td align="center">23.73 ±3.29</td><td align="center">0.542</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">Left testicle volume（mL）</td><td align="center">15.38 ±2.93</td><td align="center">15.01 ±2.84</td><td align="center">0.447</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">Right testicle volume（mL）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">15.42 ±2.86</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">15.14 ±2.74</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">0.547</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-T004.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.10699463" height="86.40000916"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-T004c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="81.10699463" height="86.40000916"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap><table-wrap id="T5"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.018.T005</object-id><label>表5</label><caption><p><italic>EDNRA</italic>单倍型分析（倾向性评分匹配校正混杂因素后）</p></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Tab.5</label><title><italic>EDNRA</italic> haplotype analysis （after correcting confounding factors by propensity score matching）</title></abstract><alternatives><table id="Table5"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Haplotype</th><th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">Frequency</th><th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-top:solid;border-bottom:solid;">CBAVD <italic>vs</italic> Controls</th></tr><tr><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">CBAVD （freq）</th><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">Controls （freq）</th><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>OR</italic> （95%<italic>CI</italic>）</th><th align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;"><italic>P </italic>value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr align="center"><td align="left">GG</td><td align="center">55.06（0.372）</td><td align="center">67.64（0.457）</td><td align="center">0.714 （0.448-1.137）</td><td align="center">0.156</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">GC</td><td align="center">30.04（0.203）</td><td align="center">39.52（0.267）</td><td align="center">0.710 （0.413-1.222）</td><td align="center">0.217</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left">AC</td><td align="center">33.89（0.229）</td><td align="center">27.38（0.185）</td><td align="center">1.287 （0.728-2.274）</td><td align="center">0.386</td></tr><tr align="center"><td align="left" style="border-bottom:solid;">AG</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">29.01（0.196）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">13.47（0.091）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">2.533 （1.259-5.098）</td><td align="center" style="border-bottom:solid;">0.009</td></tr></tbody></table><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-T005.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.80000305" height="28.79999542"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-T005c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="169.80000305" height="28.79999542"?></graphic></alternatives></table-wrap></sec><sec id="s2d"><label>2.4</label><title>荟萃分析</title><p specific-use="noneIndent">通过PubMed及HighWire 等数据库检索<italic>EDNRA</italic>基因与 CBAVD 关联相关文献，检出土耳其人群<italic>EDNRA</italic>基因 rs5335多态性位点阳性基因型CC，在西班牙人群未发现阳性基因型。印度人群中 rs5335的CC 等位基因与对照组相比显著差异（<italic>P</italic>&lt;0.05）， rs1801708位点则均未发现阳性基因型。这项荟萃分析纳入了224例CBAVD患者和201例对照。对于rs5335基因型分布中的CC基因型与CG + GG基因型，合并比值比（odds ratio， <italic>OR</italic>）为1.91，95%置信区间（confidence interval， <italic>CI</italic>）为1.21～3.03；<italic>P</italic>=0.308，<italic>I²</italic>=16.6%（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">图1</xref>）。对于rs1801708基因型分布中的AA基因型与AG + GG基因型，<italic>OR</italic>为0.93，95% <italic>CI</italic>为0.27～3.16；<italic>P</italic>=0.099，<italic>I²</italic>=56.7%（<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">图2</xref>）。荟萃分析显示，CC基因型是CBAVD的危险因素。rs1801708的AA基因型在CBAVD患者和对照之间不存在显著关联。</p><fig position="float" id="F1"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.018.F001</object-id><label>图1</label><caption><title>rs5335（cc-cggg）</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.1</label><title>rs5335（cc-cggg）</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-F001.eps" id="Graphic1"><?fx-imagestate width="74.78888702" height="36.68888855"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-F001.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="74.78888702" height="36.68888855"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-F001c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="74.78888702" height="36.68888855"?></graphic></alternatives></fig><fig position="float" id="F2"><object-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000–1492.2026.05.018.F002</object-id><label>图2</label><caption><title>rs1801708（aa-aggg）</title></caption><abstract abstract-type="caption" xml:lang="en"><label>Fig.2</label><title>rs1801708（aa-aggg）</title></abstract><alternatives><graphic specific-use="print" xlink:href="media/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-F002.eps" id="Graphic2"><?fx-imagestate width="74.78888702" height="36.33611298"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="big" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-F002.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="74.78888702" height="36.33611298"?></graphic><graphic specific-use="small" xlink:href="alternativeImage/9CEE1F02-F250-4426-A9CE-8279B42BD083-F002c.jpg"><?fx-imagestate width="74.78888702" height="36.33611298"?></graphic></alternatives></fig></sec></sec><sec id="s3"><label>3</label><title>讨论</title><p><italic>EDNRA</italic>的主要生物学作用涉及血管收缩、细胞增殖、细胞凋亡和CF表型，其介导的信号通路在多器官发育及疾病发生中发挥重要作用。功能分析显示，ET-A受体在肺泡上皮中的表达高于另一种主要的ET-1<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R8">8</xref>］</sup>受体ET-B<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R9">9</xref>］</sup>，而EDN1/EDNRA通路可通过多种机制调控细胞功能，如激活STAT3磷酸化促进肿瘤细胞增殖迁移<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R10">10</xref>］</sup>，还可能通过NLRP3介导的炎症通路影响大动脉粥样硬化性卒中易感性<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R11">11</xref>］</sup>。</p><p>在CF相关研究中，欧洲和美国3个队列的证据表明，<italic>EDNRA</italic>基因rs5335多态性与CF患者肺功能密切相关，CC基因型与不良肺部表型关联，且有害C等位基因的<italic>EDNRA </italic>mRNA表达高于保护性G等位基因<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R12">12</xref>］</sup>，而抑制内皮素途径的药物可改善血管收缩，进一步证实内皮素通路与CF的密切关联<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R13">13</xref>］</sup>。在CBAVD遗传研究中，欧洲研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R5">5</xref>］</sup>显示rs5335的CC基因型可能是CBAVD形成风险的潜在标志物，但未发现rs1801708与<italic>TGF-ß1</italic>基因型分布存在关联；印度研究<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R6">6</xref>］</sup>也发现CBAVD患者中rs5335的CC基因型显著更普遍，推测修饰基因参与干扰输精管形成。</p><p>种族遗传背景异质性是疾病关联基因谱差异的核心因素，本研究针对汉族男性群体的发现进一步印证了这一规律。与欧洲、印度相关研究相比，本研究样本量更大，但未发现rs5335、rs1801708两个SNP与CBAVD存在显著关联，推测结果不一致可能源于多方面因素：一是种族差异导致的基因型频率分布不同；二是<italic>EDNRA</italic>与<italic>CFTR</italic>基因可能存在协同作用，但<italic>CFTR</italic>在中国人群中的低频率分布增加了评估难度<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R14">14</xref>］</sup>；三是rs5335可能作为miRNA靶点影响欧洲男性CBAVD外显率，而汉族男性CBAVD患者<italic>EDNRA</italic>基因内可能存在其他miRNA靶点<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R15">15</xref>］</sup>；四是基因-环境相互作用的潜在影响。</p><p>单倍型分析可检测单个SNP分析无法发现的潜在关联，本研究中，rs1801708-rs5335单倍型AG与CBAVD风险增加显著相关，单倍型GG可能具有潜在保护作用，该发现尚未在其他种族群体中报道。结合亚洲人群特有的生殖发育相关基因调控网络特征，如<italic>CFTR</italic>基因中5T、p.I556V等特异性突变的高频率<sup>［<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R2">2</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="R3">3</xref>］</sup>，这一结果不仅为汉族CBAVD的遗传病因提供了新视角，也提示<italic>EDNRA</italic>单倍型可能成为区分亚洲与其他种族CBAVD遗传特征的标志性位点，丰富了CF相关生殖畸形的种族特异性遗传机制理论。</p><p>尽管本荟萃分析中，rs5335的CC基因型是CBAVD的危险因素，但仍需考虑一些局限性。在进一步的回顾性研究中，可能需要更多的病例对照数量。如果检测到更多单倍型，应在进一步分析中纳入单倍型信息。本研究存在一定局限性：未对病例组进行<italic>CFTR</italic>基因及<italic>ADGRG2</italic>等其他非经典致病基因筛查，可能引入混杂风险；样本量仍有扩大空间，且未纳入更多单倍型信息进行分析。后续研究需扩大样本量，联合<italic>CFTR</italic>基因测序，排除突变阳性病例后重复验证<italic>EDNRA</italic>单体型与CBAVD的关联，或通过分层分析明确其在<italic>CFTR</italic>突变阴性CBAVD患者中的病因学贡献，同时关注基因-环境相互作用的影响。</p><p>作为首次针对中国男性人群开展的<italic>EDNRA</italic>基因与CBAVD关联研究，本研究填补了汉族人群相关研究空白，为后续探索CBAVD遗传机制提供了新方向。基于现有遗传和功能证据，<italic>EDNRA</italic>在CF和CBAVD表型中发挥重要作用，未来研究应聚焦汉族人群中<italic>EDNRA</italic>更多多态性与CBAVD的关联，采用全基因组关联分析、功能分析等先进策略，揭示其发病机制及与<italic>CFTR</italic>、<italic>ADGRG2</italic>等基因的协同作用，为临床基因检测及子代患病风险评估提供指导。</p></sec></body><back><ref-list><title>参考文献</title><ref id="R1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal" publication-format="print" xml:lang="en"><person-group><name 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