〔Abstract〕 Cardiovascular diseases（CVD），particularly atherosclerosis，represent a major global health burden. Recent studies have revealed that innate immune cells such as monocytes and macrophages can develop immune memory after an initial stimulus ，a phenomenon termed“trained immunity ”. Growing evidence indicates that trained immunity serves as an underlying mechanism of chronic inflammation in atherosclerotic cardiovascular dis ⁃ eases. This review focuses on outlining the key effector cells involved in trained immunity and their mechanisms of formation，including processes such as metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic modifications，which collectively lead to a heightened immune response upon secondary stimulation. Furthermore，this review systematically summa ⁃ rizes the role of trained immunity in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis，and elaborates on various therapeutic strategies targeting trained immunity along with their application prospects.