Acta Universitatis Medicinalis Anhui

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Anhui Provincial Education Department

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Anhui Medical University

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Weng Jianping

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ISSN 1000 - 1492

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Evaluation of brain aging in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by structural magnetic resonance-driven machine learning model

Wang Jie1 , 2 , Miao Ziyue3 , Chang Jiayue3 , Wu Xingwang1 , Zhu Jiajia1 , Cai Huanhuan1

DOI: 10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2025.11.022

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abstract:
To explore the brain-predicted age difference (Brain-PAD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by a machine learning prediction model based on structural magnetic resonance ( sMRI) in the Southwest University Adult Lifespan Dataset (SALD) , and to reveal the relationship between Brain-PAD and dura- tion of T2DM and cognition . Methods Group comparisons about demographic variables and cognitive function were conducted respectively in local database of 104 T2DM patients and 83 healthy controls (HC) . The prediction model via Gaussian process regression (GPR) was constructed by training sMRI data of 329 healthy volunteers in SALD , then its performance was validated and evaluated . Furthermore , Brain-PAD ( predicted age-chronological age) in the local database was calculated . Group comparisons of Brain-PAD between T2DM patients and HCs were conducted by Mann-Whitney U test. Finally , Pearson correlation coefficient (r) was calculated between Brain-PAD and duration of disease and cognition . Results Poor performance in auditory verbal learning test (AVLT)-delayed recall , AVLT-recognition , symbol digital modalities test (SDMT) (P < 0. 05) , and increased Brain-PAD were ob- served in T2DM patients , compared with HCs [1 . 61 9( - 4. 001 , 8. 272) years vs - 1 . 289 ( - 4. 128 , 4. 134) years , Z = 2. 056 , P = 0. 034] . Notably , the median of Brain-PAD in T2DM group was positive , indicating that the brain of T2DM patient maybe relatively “older”than his chronological age . Brain-PAD in T2DM group was as- sociated with performance in AVLT-immediate recall ( r = 0. 291 , P = 0. 003) , AVLT-delayed recall ( r = 0. 248 , P = 0. 011) , SDMT( r = 0. 376 , P < 0. 001) and trail making test (TMT)-A ( r = - 0. 206 , P = 0. 036) . However , the relationships between Brain-PAD and duration of T2DM were not explored . Conclusion Decreased cognitive function in patients with T2DM is demonstrated in this study . The machine learning prediction model based on sMRI supports the identification of brain aging objectively in patients with T2DM .

Plateau hypoxia induces pyroptosis in mouse kidney cells through NOD-like receptor signaling pathway

Xu Xintong , Chen Xiaochen , Cui Chengling , Wang Xin , Gao Xiang

DOI: 10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2025.11.009

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The Mechanism of Glutamine activating autophagy exacerbates muscle loss in cancer-associated cachexia

Ma Dufang1 , 2 , Wang Yong2 , Tian Zhihan1 , Su Xiaoyu1 , Qi Yuanfu3

DOI: 10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2025.11.026

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Clinical efficacy of cranial electrotherapy stimulation in chronic insomnia : a research study

Jiao Jiajia , Li Jialu , Sun Xixi , Yin Yunfei , Xie Chengjuan

DOI: 10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2025.11.021

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abstract:
To investigate the effects of cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) with varying parameter configurations on sleep quality in patients diagnosed with chronic insomnia disorder. Methods Seventy-two partici- pants meeting diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia disorder were randomly allocated to a four-arm parallel study design . The intervention protocol comprised : Group 1 (G1) received cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) at 0. 5 Hz , 300 μA; Group 2 (G2) underwent CES treatment at 1 . 5 Hz , 300 μA; Group 3 (G3) administered 100 Hz , 300 μA stimulation; and Group 4 (G4) received sham stimulation with identical device placement but no cur- rent delivery . Primary outcomes were quantified through polysomnography (PSG) recordings conducted at baseline and post-intervention , whereas secondary outcomes were assessed via standardized sleep questionnaires including the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) . Results Following a 10-day inter- vention protocol , significant clinical improvements were observed across all active treatment groups ( G1 - G3) as evidenced by reductions in PSQI . Insomnia severity index ( ISI) scores quantitative polysomnographic analysis re- vealed that both G2 ( 1 . 5 Hz) and G3 ( 100 Hz) cohorts demonstrated statistically significant enhancements in Flinders Fatigue Scale (FFS) scores , total sleep time (TST) , and sleep efficiency (SE) , accompanied by reduced sleep onset latency ( SOL) compared to baseline measurements . However , no statistically significant differences were detected between the G2 and G3 intervention arms across all measured parameters . CES exerted no significant effect on sleep architecture . Conclusion CES can effectively improve the sleep of patients with chronic insomnia.Within a certain range , a higher frequency of CES leads to better sleep improvement effects .

Antibacterial properties and compatibility of plasma-activated water/bletilla striata polysaccharide composite hydrogel

Ren Wenxue1 , Cheng Cheng2 , Han Wei3 , Liu Taofeng4

DOI: 10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2025.11.002

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abstract:
To investigate the antibacterial properties and biocompatibility of a novel hydrogel fabricated by integrating plasma-activated water ( PAW) and bletilla striata polysaccharide ( BSP) . Methods The experi- ments were carried out by dividing the hydrogels into four groups based on their compositions : the deionized water (DW)-Carbomer 940 (CBM940 )-carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogel group ( H group) , the PAW-CBM940 - CMCS hydrogel (PAH) group , the DW-BSP-CBM940 -CMCS hydrogel (BSPH) group , and the PAW-BSP-CBM940 - CMCS hydrogel (PA/BSPH) group . Physical properties of the hydrogels were evaluated by testing water loss rate and water vapor transmission rate . The content of active substances was determined using a microplate reader and an electron spin resonance spectrometer (ESR) . The pH and ORP values were measured using a pH meter and an oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) electrode . The antibacterial mechanism was elucidated by analyzing the integ- rity of bacterial biofilms . Antibacterial activity was evaluated via the zone of inhibition assay . Cytotoxicity testing was performed using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay , and combined with the cell scratch assay , to collec- tively evaluate the effects of the hydrogel on cellular biocompatibility and migration ability . Results The water loss rate and water vapor transmission rate of PA/BSPH hydrogel were (32. 3 ±2. 3)% and (2 228. 2 ±1 81 . 1) g/( m2 ·d) . Compared with the H group hydrogel , the contents of hydrogen peroxide ( H2 O2 ) and hydroxyl radicals ( ·OH) in PAH and PA/BSPH groups significantly increased (P < 0. 05) , and the diameters of inhibition zones significantly enlarged (P < 0. 05) . The cell viability in PAH group significantly decreased (P < 0. 05) . The PA/ BSPH group showed non-toxicity and a higher cell migration rate ( P < 0. 05 ) . Conclusion The antibacterial mechanism of the PA/BSPH hydrogel relies on the reactive species H2 O2 and ·OH in PAW. The incorporation of BSP enhances the water retention and breathability of the wound dressing while significantly reducing the cytotoxici- ty of PAW. This modification endows the hydrogel with improved biocompatibility and promotes cell proliferation . The PA/BSPH hydrogel demonstrates clinical potential by offering a novel therapeutic strategy for chronic infected wound management.

Construction of a prognostic model for lung cancer based on acrolein-related genes

Feng Yiting1 , 2 , Ren Liangliang2 , Lou Lijuan2 , Shen Yuxian1 , Jiang Ying1 , 2

DOI: 10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2025.11.001

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abstract:
To construct and validate a prognostic model for lung cancer based on acrolein-related genes using bioinformatics methods . Methods Lung cancer datasets GSE30219 and GSE68465 were obtained from the GEO database , and acrolein-related gene sets were retrieved from the CTD database . Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cancer and adjacent tissues were identified in the GSE30219 dataset. The intersection of these DEGs and acrolein-related genes was then used to identify candidate genes . Gene set variation analysis ( GSVA) was performed to assess functional alterations based on the intersection genes . A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on the STRING database to identify core hub genes . Subsequently , support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and LASSO-Cox regression analyses were employed to develop a prognostic model based on acrolein-related genes , which was independently validated using the GSE68465 dataset. The CIBERSORT algorithm was applied to evaluate the immune cell infiltration characteristics between high- and low-risk groups , and functional enrichment analysis of DEGs between the two groups was conducted to further ex- plore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying the prognostic model . Results A total of 361 acrolein-related DEGs were identified in lung cancer , and 7 key genes were selected for model construction . Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that patients in the high-risk group had significantly lower survival rates compared to those in the low-risk group (P < 0. 000 1) . Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that the mod- el possessed good predictive performance . Moreover , immune infiltration analysis indicated that the risk score was closely associated with multiple immune cell subsets , suggesting a potential role of acrolein-related genes in modula- ting the lung cancer immune microenvironment. Conclusion The prognostic model for lung cancer based on acro- lein-related genes demonstrates significant application value in predicting the prognosis of lung cancer , providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of acrolein in the onset and progression of lung cancer.

Mechanism of Anemoside B4 on glutamine metabolism in oral lichen planus epithelial cells via the NOS3-DHFR axis

Li Min , Yang Menghua , Gao Yi , Zhang Zijian , Jiang Dan

DOI: 10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2025.11.010

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abstract:
To investigate the mechanism of Anemoside B4 (AB4) on glutamine metabolism in oral li- chen planus (OLP) epithelial cells via the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3)-dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) axis . Methods Bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify the intersection of molecular targets of OLP , AB4 , and genes related to glutamine metabolism . A lipopolysaccharide ( LPS)-induced HOK-16B model of OLP was estab- lished . HOK-16B were divided into Ctrl group , OLP group , AB4 group , OLP + oe-NOS3 group , OLP + sh-NOS3 group , OLP + sh-NOS3 + oe-DHFR group , and OLP + sh-NOS3 + AB4 group . Cell proliferation was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) ; cell apoptosis was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling ( TUNEL) ; inflammatory factors iInterleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factors-α ( TNF-α) concentrations in cell supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits; glutamine uptake and glutamate produc- tion were determined using kits; and the protein expression of alanine-serine-cysteine transporter2 ( ASCT2) and glutamine synthase (GLS) was assessed by Western blotting. Results Bioinformatics analysis of molecular targets of OLP , AB4 , and genes related to glutamine metabolism revealed three intersection targets : NFE2L2 , NOS1 , and NOS3 . Compared with the Ctrl group , the OLP group exhibited decreased HOK-16B cell viability (P < 0. 001) , increased apoptosis rate (P < 0. 01) , upregulated concentrations of IL-1βand TNF-α(P < 0. 001) , elevated glu- tamine uptake and glutamate production (P < 0. 01) , and enhanced expression of ASCPT2 and GLS proteins (P < 0. 001) . Compared with the OLP group , the AB4 group showed improved cell viability (P < 0. 05) , reduced apop- tosis rate and release of IL-1βand TNF-α(P < 0. 05) , decreased glutamine uptake and glutamate production (P < 0. 05) , and downregulated expression of ASCPT2 and GLS proteins ( P < 0. 001) . Compared with the OLP group , the OLP + oe-NOS3 group had increased HOK-16B cell viability (P < 0. 01) , reduced apoptosis rate (P < 0. 05) , decreased concentrations of IL-1βand TNF-α(P < 0. 05) , lowered glutamine uptake and glutamate pro- duction (P < 0. 05) , and weakened expression of ASCPT2 and GLS proteins (P < 0. 01) ; whereas the OLP + sh- NOS3 group had decreased HOK-16B cell viability ( P < 0. 05) , increased apoptosis rate ( P < 0. 05) , elevated concentrations of IL-1βand TNF-α ( P < 0. 01 ) , increased glutamine uptake and glutamate production ( P < 0. 05) , and enhanced expression of ASCPT2 and GLS proteins (P < 0. 001) . Compared with the OLP + sh-NOS3 group , both the OLP + sh-NOS3 + oe-DHFR group and the OLP + sh-NOS3 + AB4 group showed increased HOK- 16B cell viability (P < 0. 001) , reduced apoptosis rate (P < 0. 05) , decreased concentrations of IL-1βand TNF-α (P < 0. 01) , lowered glutamine uptake and glutamate production ( P < 0. 05) , and weakened expression of AS- CPT2 and GLS proteins ( P < 0. 05) . Conclusion AB4 inhibits the progression of OLP by mediating glutamine metabolism via the regulation of the NOS3-DHFR axis .

Analysis of risk factors for pulmonary artery hypertension in patients with maintenance peritoneal dialysis and establishment and verification of a nomogram

Zu Shuang1 , Yan Qiqi2 , Yang Le1 , Li Huixian1 , Li Xiude1 , Fan Yunshan1 , Zhang Bao1 , Wang Deguang2

DOI: 10.19405/j.cnki.issn1000-1492.2025.11.023

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abstract:
To identify the risk factors for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in maintenance peri- toneal dialysis (MPD) patients and to develop and validate a nomogram-based risk-prediction model . Methods A total of 168 hospitalized MPD patients from the Department of Nephrology were enrolled . Body-fluid composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis , and pulmonary-artery systolic pressure (PASP) was assessed by echocardiography . Patients were randomly allocated into a training set and a validation set at 1 : 1 ratio . Variables with P < 0. 05 in multivariable Logistic regression in the training set were incorporated to construct a nomogram . The validation set was used to test the model ’s predictive performance . ROC curves , calibration curves , and deci- sion-curve analysis were applied to evaluate accuracy , consistency , and clinical usefulness of the model . Results Dialysis vintage ( OR : 1 . 038 , 95% CI: 1 . 008 - 1 . 069 , P = 0. 012) , hemoglobin level ( OR : 0. 961 , 95% CI: 0. 929 - 0. 994 , P = 0. 021) , and extracellular water/intracellular water ratio (E/I) (OR : 1 . 069 , 95% CI: 1 . 024 - 1 . 115 , P = 0. 002) were independent risk factors for PAH . ROC analysis yielded area under curve as 0. 867 (95% CI: 0. 782 - 0. 953) and 0. 808 (95% CI: 0. 714 - 0. 902) in the training and validation sets , respectively . Calibration plots showed that the predicted curves for both the training and validation sets closely overlapped with the ideal reference line , indicating that the nomogram risk-prediction model had good predictive performance . Deci- sion-curve analysis demonstrated that , within threshold ranges of 0. 13 - 0. 76 ( training set ) and 0. 20 - 0. 76 (val- idation set ) , clinical net benefit was substantial when interventions were guided by the nomogram . Conclusion Dialysis vintage , hemoglobin level , and fluid-overload index (E/I) are independent risk factors for PAH in MPD patients . The nomogram based on these parameters reliably predicts PAH risk and may aid clinical decision-mak- ing.

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