〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the effect of apigenin on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp mesenchymal stromal cells(hDPSCs). Methods CCK-8 method was used to detect the effect of different concentrations of apigenin on the proliferation of hDPSCs; Alkaline phosphatase activity detection, alkaline phosphatase staining(ALP) and alizarin red staining were used to observe the effect of apigenin on the mineralization ability of hDPSCs; Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs under the influence of apigenin.A rabbit skull defect model(4 round defects with a diameter of 8 mm) was constructed and divided into four groups: blank group, bone meal group, normal cultured hDPSCs composite bone meal group, and 5 μmol/L apigenin cultured hDPSCs composite bone meal group.The specimens were taken 4 and 8 weeks after the operation, and the bone volume fraction was measured by Micro-CT. Results CCK-8 showed that 5 μmol/L apigenin had the best effect on the proliferation of hDPSCs; In the 5 μmol/L apigenin group, the results of alizarin red staining showed a significant increase in the number of calcium nodules and a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity(P<0.001);PCR results showed that the expression of RUNX2 and OCN was up-regulated in the 5 μmol/L apigenin group.Micro-CT showed that the hDPSCs compound bone meal group cultured with 5 μmol/L apigenin had more new bone formation than the normal cultured hDPSCs compound bone meal group at 4 and 8 weeks, the effect of the blank group and bone meal to form bone was not obvious. Conclusion Apigenin can promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, providing new ideas for the clinical treatment of periodontal bone defects.