〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the correlation between hypertension and the risk and pathological changes of renal clear cell carcinoma. Methods The clinical data of 201 patients undergoing renal clear cell carcinoma surgery and renal pathology were retrospectively analyzed in this study. According to the ratio of age and sex, 1 005 normal people who underwent physical examination in the physical examination center of Anqing Municipal Hospital were used as the control group. The differences in metabolic syndrome, smoking were compared between the two groups. By using Logistics multi-factor regression analysis, the correlation between hypertension and renal cancer was analyzed, and the renal cancer group was divided into the hypertensive group(group A) and the non-hypertensive group(group B), and the differences of relevant pathological data were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein(HDL), low-density lipoprotein(LDL) and uric acid between the two groups. Hypertension, smoking, diabetes and obesity prevalence in two groupswere compared(χ2=109.318, 4.949, 4.142, 15.589;P<0.05), and the differences were statistically significant. Logisitic regression analysis suggested that hypertension was positively correlated with the risk of renal cancer. There were statistical differences between the two groups in the incidence of arterial plaque in the abdominal aorta of the two groups, the incindence of clinical stage, Furman nuclear grade ≤ grade 2 detection rate, Ki67 index ≤5% detection rate, microvascular density(P<0.05). There was statistically meaningless in microvascular invasion. Conclusion The incidence of hypertension in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma is higher than that in the normal population. Hypertension may be an associated factor involved in the development and progression of renal clear cell carcinoma. Early reasonable intervention and prevention of hypertension are recommended in the high-risk population of renal carcinoma.