〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the role of ERS and protein carbonylation in the development of the rat heart failure cachexia by injected isoprenaline(ISO). Methods Ninety clean male SD rats were randomly divided into the ISO group, the ISO+HYD group, and the control group, with 30 rats in each group.The rats in the ISO and ISO+HYD groups were injected with ISO, rats in the ISO+HYD group were gavaged with HYD, and the control group were injected with saline. Six weeks later, whether the rats were successful in modeling was evaluated by rats′ echocardiograms and changes in body weight. The concentration of BNP, CHOPand GRP78 in serum was detected by ELISA assay kit; UV spectrophotometer detected concentration of the total protein carbonyl in myocardium and skeletal muscle; the relative levels of CHOP mRNA and GRP78 mRNA in cardiac and skeletal muscle of three groups were detected by PCR; the levels of protein carbonyl in myocardium and skeletal muscle of three groups were detected by immunofluorescence. Results (1) The levels of BNP, CHOP and GRP78 were highest in ISO group, followed by the ISO+HYD group and the lowest in the control group(P<0.05).(2) The concentration of protein carbonyl in myocardium and skeletal muscle was highest in ISO group, followed by the ISO+HYD group and the lowest in the control group(P<0.05).(3) The levels of CHOPmRNA and GRP78 mRNA were highest in ISO group, followed by the ISO+HYD group and lowest in the control group(P<0.05).(4) Protein carbonyl expression:compared with the three groups, the ISO group was the highest, followed by the ISO + HYD group, and the control group was the lowest(P<0.05). Conclusion ERS and protein carbonylation are involved in the development of heart failure cachexia, which are related to the level of oxidative stress in the body. The use of HYD to reduce the level of oxidative stress can reduce the expression of ERS and protein carbonylation and prevent the development of heart failure cachexia.