〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning on liver ischemia-reperfusion injury(LIRI) and plasma neutrophil nuclear transcription factor B(NF-κB) activity in Tibetan patients undergoing hepatic hydatid surgery. Methods 80 patients undergoing hepatic hydatid surgery were enrolled and were randomly divided into Tibetan generation living hydatid patient control group(group ZC), Tibetan generation living hydatid patient sevoflurane preconditioning group(group ZS), Han immigrant living hydatid patient control group(group HC) and Han immigrant living hydatid patient sevoflurane preconditioning group(group HS) by random number table method, 20 cases in each group. Group ZC and HC were not given any inhaled anesthetics. Group ZS and HS were given sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia for anesthesia-induced intubation. Before anesthesia induction(T0), immediate after porta hepatis occlusion(T1), immediate after porta hepatis opening(T2), at 1 h after ischemia/reperfusion(T3), at 6 h after ischemia/reperfusion(T4) and at 24 h after ischemia/reperfusion(T5), the levels of serum Alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH),lactic acid, tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin6(IL-6) and neutrophil NF-κB activity at any time point were detected. Malondialdehyde(MDA)and superoxide dismutase(SOD) levels in normal liver tissues were detected at T3. Pathological morphology of liver tissues was observed by HE staining under light microscope. Results Compared with group ZC, the levels of ALT, AST, LDH, lactic acid, TNF-α and IL-6, and NF-κB activity decreased in group ZS at T1～T5(P<0.05), while SOD activity of liver tissue increased at T3(P<0.05), and MDA level of liver tissue decreased(P<0.05). Compared with group HC, the levels of ALT, AST, LDH, lactic acid, TNF-α and IL-6, and NF-κB activity decreased in group HS at T1～T5(P<0.05), while SOD activity of liver tissue increased at T3(P<0.05), and MDA level of liver tissue decreased(P<0.05). HE staining showed that pathological changes of liver tissue in group ZS and HS were alleviated. Conclusion Sevoflurane may alleviate LIRI in Tibetan patients undergoing hepatic hydatid surgery by inhibiting neutrophils NF-κB activity and the release of inflammatory factors.