〔Abstract〕 Objectives To investigate the effect and mechanism of ginsenoside Rb1 on neural stem cell injury induced by lidocaine. Methods Primary neural cells were labeled with anti-Nestin antibody and anti-CD133 antibody. Neural stem cells were sorted out by using a flow cytometer, and their characteristics were examined by RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence staining. The isolated neural stem cells were cultured with a medium containing lidocaine or ginsenoside Rb1, and the effects of lidocaine or Rb1 on the neural stem cell JNK signaling pathway and expression of apoptosis-related molecules were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Neural stem cells were co-cultured with lidocaine and Rb1, and the effect of Rb1 on lidocaine induced neural stem cell apoptosis were examined. Results Through two-step screening, spinal cord neural stem cells with higher purity were obtained. The stem cells expressed SOX2, a marker gene of neural stem cells, and could differentiate into related neural cells. Lidocaine treatment could activate the JNK signaling pathway and induce apoptosis of neural stem cells, while addition of ginsenoside Rb1 inhibited the activation of the JNK signaling pathway and partially restored the apoptosis of neural stem cells caused by lidocaine treatment. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits lidocaine treatment-activated JNK signaling pathway and restores spinal cord neural stem cell apoptosis induced by lidocaine treatment.