〔Abstract〕 To study whether Kolliphor®P188 could inhibit the inflammation during autologous fat transplantation,from the perspective of inflammation to analyze the effect of P188 on transplantation. The animal models of autologous fat transplantation were divided into the control group(normal saline group) and the experimental group(P188 group). Weight and volume were measured after fat tissue was removed at time points 1, 2 and 4 weeks. The degree of fat inflammatory infiltration after transplantation was observed by HE staining. Finally, the mRNA and protein levels of inflammation-related factors IL-1α,1 L-1β,IL-6,TNF-α were detected by RT-PCR and ELISA. After 4 weeks of fat transplantation, there were differences in fat weight and volume between the control group and the experimental group [weight:(0.13±0.02) gvs(0.19±0.02) g,P<0.01], volume:(0.15±0.03) mlvs(0.19±0.01) ml,P<0.05]. HE staining results showed that the inflammatory infiltration area of P188 group was lower than that of normal saline group 4 weeks later. RT-PCR and ELISA results showed that 4 weeks after fat transplantation, P188 inhibited the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α,1 L-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and the protein expressions of IL-1α,1 L-1β,IL-6,TNF-α. It's proved that P188 can inhibit inflammatory infiltration after autologous fat transplantation in rats.