〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) of the TLR5 gene and the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer, and to supply theoretical and experimental basis for early diagnosis and treatment of non-cardia gastric cancer. Methods Using case-control study design, 288 non-cardia gastric cancer patients diagnosed by histopathology were selected as the case group while 281 community physical examinees were selected as the normal control group, and they were all Han population in Baotou. SNP rs34270714, rs5744174, rs851139 and rs17163737 were genotyped using TaqMan method. Haplotype was constructed by Haploview software 4.0. Odds ratios(OR) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) were measured by unconditional Logistic regression analysis to evaluate the correlations of the alleles, genotypes and haplotypes to the susceptibility to non-cardia gastric cancer. Results In Baotou Han population, the SNP rs17163737 of TLR5 was associated with the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer. Compared to GG genotype, the GT genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of non-cardia gastric cancer(GTvsGG:OR=1.605, 95%CI=1.131～2.280). Other SNPs were not associated with the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer(P>0.05). In addition, there was a strong linkage disequilibrium between rs5744174, rs851139 and rs17163737, which constituted a haplotype region(Block). However, there was no association between any haplotypes and the risk of non-cardia gastric cancer. Conclusion The carriers of TLR5 rs17163737 GT genotype have an increased risk of non-cardia gastric cancer in Baotou Han population.