〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the nutritional status and dietary structure of tuberculosis patients among different populations, analyze the factors influencing the nutritional status of tuberculosis patients, and provide theoretical basis for improving clinical nutrition and related issues in tuberculosis patients. Methods Tuberculosis patients, non-tuberculosis patients, and healthy individuals were randomly selected for a questionnaire survey. Descriptive analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0 software. Statistical description was performed using rates and composition ratios, and qualitative data were described using relative numbers. Chi-square test was used to compare overall rates and composition ratios among different health conditions groups, with a significance level of α=0.05. Independent factors analysis of nutritional status body mass index(BMI) was conducted using multiple Logistic regression analysis for variables with statistically significant differences in the univariate analysis. Results Therewere differences in the nutritional status(χ2=62.184,P<0.05) and dietary diversity score(χ2=64.049,P<0.05) among tuberculosis patients, non-tuberculosis patients, and healthy individuals. Univariate analysis of nutritional status BMI showed statistically significant differences in gender, smoking, meat-based diet, vegetable-based diet, moderate diet diversity score, and 6 other variables for tuberculosis patients(P<0.05), and in gender, age, ethnicity, marital status, occupation, education level, smoking, drinking white wine, drinking beer, meat-based diet, moderate diet, and 11 other variables for healthy individuals(P<0.05). The variables with statistically significant differences in the univariate analysis were included in the multiple ordinal logistic regression analysis model for both tuberculosis patients and healthy individuals. The results showed that the level of education, vegetable intake, moderate food diversity score(DDS) of 4-6 were independent influencing factors of nutritional status BMI among tuberculosis patients(P<0.05); marital status was an independent influencing factor of nutritional status BMI among non-tuberculosis patients(P<0.05); while gender and occupation were independent influencing factors of nutritional status BMI among healthy individuals(P<0.05). Conclusion The dietary nutritional status of the three population groups varied. Targeted health education should be conducted, especially for tuberculosis patients, to address the issue of uneven dietary intake and promote good dietary habits among local tuberculosis patients.