〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the killing effect of Rhodium nanoparticles loaded composite hydrogel NPN + Rh-PEG NPs(NRP) on pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells. Methods Block copolymers were synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP), followed by the synthesis of PEG-modified Rhodium nanoparticles through an aqueous method. A premixed solution was prepared by ultrasonication and then heated to synthesize the composite hydrogel NRP loaded with nanoparticles. It was then characterized and its catalytic properties were verified. The morphology of Rhodium nanoparticles and the composite hydrogel NRP was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The thermal imaging instrument was used to detect the photothermal properties of the composite hydrogel NRP, and then the growth inhibitory effect on BxPC-3 cells was observed using the MTT and live-dead staining methods. Finally, its biological safety was verified using MTT and blood compatibility testing. Results Rh-PEG with a particle size of about 10 nm was successfully prepared. The composite hydrogel showed porous structure under cryo scanning electron microscope, and Rhodium was evenly distributed in the composite hydrogel. Under the irradiation of 808 nm near-infrared light(NIR) with a laser power of 1 W/cm2, the ability of 80 μg/ml NRP to generate reactive oxygen species(ROS) was 19.6 times that of pure hydrogel(NPN)(P<0.05). Under light conditions, the catalytic decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide was as high as 96.8%. Under the irradiation of 808 nm NIR with a laser power of 1 W/cm2, the temperature of 80 μg/ml NRP could rise to 58.9 ℃ within 5 minutes. MTT results showed that the survival rate of BxPC-3 cells was the lowest, only 14.8%, after 40 μg/ml NRP was irradiated with 1 W/cm2of 808 nm NIR. The results of live dead cell staining proved that the cell killing effect of 40 μg/ml NRP under light irradiation was stronger than that without 808 nm NIR irradiation. Conclusion The composite hydrogel NRP uniformly loaded with Rhodium nanoparticles can effectively enhance the killing effect on pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells.