〔Abstract〕 Objective Viral load is becoming more and more important in prevention of HIV/AIDS. Understanding the baseline of viral load before treatment in newly reported HIV/AIDS patients can provide a basis for AIDS prevention. Methods The viral load of newly reported HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu province in 2019 was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR, the differences of viral load under different demographic characteristics were compared, and the factors of high viral load were analyzed. Results The mean viral load of 3098 newly reported HIV/AIDS patients in Jiangsu province was 4.33±1.05 log/mL, and the proportion of patients with viral load<5000 copies/mL was 20.85%(646/3 098). There were statistically significant differences in viral load among different genders(P<0.05), and male patients had higher viral load. The difference of viral load between HIV-infected and AIDS patients was statistically significant(P<0.05), and the viral load value of AIDS patients diagnosed with disease status was relatively high. Unmarried and married spouses were more likely to have higher viral load than divorced or widowed spouses. Higher baseline viral load level was associated with higher rates of virologic failure after antiviral therapy. Conclusion The overall viral load of HIV infected/AIDS patients is high, but there is a certain proportion of low viral load, suggesting that follow-up of low viral load should be strengthened in AIDS prevention and treatment. Strengthen interventions aimed at men and unmarried or married people with spouses to reduce the risk of transmission.