〔Abstract〕 Objective To study the role of Toll-like receptor 7(TLR7) in trigeminal nerve pain in SD rats, and to explore the mechanism of TLR7 mediating related inflammatory factors through the activation of NF-κB pathway during the process of pain. Methods The rat model of trigeminal neuralgia(TN) was established by infraorbital nerve constriction injury(ION-CCI). The expression of TLR7 in trigeminal ganglion(TG) was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Hydroxychloroquine(HCQ), an inhibitor of TLR7, was given to ION-CCI rats by intragastric administration. The expression of TLR7 and its downstream signal pathway NF-κB subunit p65, p-p65 and inflammatory factors(TNF-α, IL-1β) in TG were detected. Results After trigeminal nerve injury induced by ligation of infraorbital nerve, the expression of TLR7 in TG of rats significantly increased. After administration of TLR7 inhibitor, the expression of TLR7, TNF-α and IL-1β in TG decreased, the translocation and phosphorylation of p65 nucleus decreased, the activation of NF-κB signal pathway was inhibited, and the mechanical pain induced by ION-CCI was relieved in male SD rats. Conclusion TLR7 in TG regulates neuropathic pain by activating NF-κB signal pathway in primary sensory neurons and mediating the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β.