〔Abstract〕 Objective To study the resistance pattern of streptomycin and ethambutol inMycobacterium tuberculosisin Luoyang area, guide clinical medication and supplement epidemiological data on local drug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods The positive results of high-resolution melting curve(HRM) in 2 941 cases in Luoyang area were analyzed to assess the risk factors associated with streptomycin and ethambutol resistance. Results Of the 2 941 HRM-positive patients, 18.4% were resistant to streptomycin and 8.0% were ethambutol. Both streptomycin and ethambutol and resistance rates were higher in men than those in women(19.0%vs16.9%,P=0.129; 8.0%vs7.9%,P=0.987). The resistance rates to streptomycin and ethambutol were higher in urban than those in rural areas(21.3%vs16.6%,P=0.002; 9.8%vs6.9%,P=0.004). The resistance rate was much higher in previously treated patients than those newly diagnosed for MTB infection(25.8%vs17.3%,P<0.001; 12.1%vs7.4%,P=0.002). The resistance rates to streptomycin were higher in the<51 years than those in the>50 years group(21.1%vs16.1%,P<0.001). According to age, the highest resistance rates to streptomycin and ethambutol occurred in the age range of 31-35 years and 56-60 years in men, respectively, while in the age range of 21-25 years and 56-60 years in women, respectively. In multivariate models, prior treatment history, age less than 51 years, and urban area were positively associated with streptomycin and ethambutol resistance after adjusting for smear results and year testing. Conclusion Men, prior treatment history, age less than 51 years, and urban residents are key monitoring targets for streptomycin and ethambutol resistant tuberculosis.