〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the changes of osteogenic genes and osteogenic capacity after overexpression of bone morphogenetic protein 2(Bmp2) in rat adipose stem cells. Methods Bmp2 was transfected into rat adipose stem cells by electrotransfection, and the blank group was used as control. The cells were divided into blank group(Control group), empty load group(Vector group), osteogenesis induction group(Inducement group), and overexpression group(Bmp2 group). Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence were used to compare the expression of osteogenic genes, and alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were used to observe cobalt sulfide precipitation and calcium salt deposition. Results Western blot and qRT-PCR showed that the expression of Bmp2, Bmp4, OPN, OCN, Runx2, P-Smad1/5, Dlx2, and BSP was significantly higher compared to the Control group(P<0.05), while the expression of Smad1/5 was not statistically different. Immunofluorescence showed that the fluorescence intensity of OPN and Runx2 was significantly higher compared to the Control group(P<0.05).The alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase staining showed that the Bmp2 group had increased pericellular calcium salt deposition, increased cobalt sulfide precipitation, and enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity compared to the Control group. Conclusion Overexpression of Bmp2 enhances osteogenic gene expression in adipose stem cells and improves their osteogenic ability.