〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the neurobehavioral development of young children aged 24 to 60 months in Shunde and explore the factors influencing the development of young children and provide reference for the intervention of neurobehavioral development delays in young children. Methods A retrospective cohort study was used to enroll the young children who were initially screened by the Pediatric Neuropsychological Developmental Scale(Pediatric Heart Scale) with a score of ≤85 was included in the study.With a score of ≤85,the young children might be at risk of developmental delays, and needed to be further diagnosed by the GESELL Developmental Diagnostic Scale, the basic information of the young children and their mothers at the time of birth were investigated, as well as basic information about the young children at the time of completing the GESELL Developmental Diagnostic Scale was collected. Results A total of 271 young children were included, 196 males and 75 females.Young children had the lowest developmental quotient(DQ) in the language domain among the five domains(P<0.001).Multiple linear regression models showed: compared with girls, the language domain DQ of boys decreased by 5.321 points(P=0.049,95%CI:-10.620--0.021),and the personal-social domain DQ decreased by 4.474 points(P=0.023,95%CI:-8.316--0.631).Compared with young childrenvianatural vaginal delivery(NVD),the gross motor domain DQ of young childrenviacaesarean section(CS) decreased by 4.890 points(P=0.008,95%CI:-8.499--1.281),the fine motor domain DQ decreased by 3.373 points(P=0.037,95%CI:-6.532--0.213),the language domain DQ decreased by 7.621 points(P=0.004,95%CI:-12.826--2.416),personal-social domain DQ decreased by 6.232 points(P=0.001,95%CI:-10.006--2.457).The results of binary logistic regression models showed, compared with young childrenviaNVD,the risk of gross motor domain retardation in young children increased(OR=1.763,95%CI:1.003-3.100),the risk of fine motor domain retardation increased(OR=2.217,95%CI:1.235-3.980),the risk of language domain retardation increased(OR=3.306,95%CI:1.080-10.124). Conclusion Young children with suspected neurobehavioral delays were more likely to have delayed development in language domain than in other domains, boys had lower DQ in language domain and personal-social domain than girls, and the development of young childrenviaCS was slower than thatviaNVD.Focus should be on the language development of young children especially on the language and personal-social development of boys.Carefully chose delivery way.Focus should be placed on assessment of young children′s comprehensive neurobehavioral development in early time.