〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the ocular biological parameters of children with idiopathic short stature(ISS) and compare them with those of children with growth hormone deficiency(GHD) and normal children, and to explore the characteristics of ocular biological parameters in this group, so as to provide a reference for the screening of visual acuity and the safety of growth hormone therapy in children with ISS. Methods A total of 15 children aged 5-14 years old with ISS were selected as the observation group, 32 children with GHD were selected as the control group, and 47 children of normal height who underwent routine visual acuity screening were selected as normal controls. The ocular biological parameters of children with ISS were studied. The differences of vision-related parameters between the above three groups were compared. The influencing factors affecting the visual development of children with ISS were analyzed. Results The axial ratio of ISS was significantly higher than that of the GHD group and normal children, and the intraocular pressure of the ISS group was significantly higher than that of the GHD group and normal children. There was no significant difference in axial length between the ISS group and the GHD group, as well as normal children(P>0.05), but the axial length of the GHD group was significantly shorter than that of normal children. The corneal curvature of ISS was significantly greater than that of normal children. The axial rate ratio of the ISS group was positively correlated with the peak value and corneal curvature of growth hormone provocation test(β=1.052,P<0.05; β=0.004,P<0.05). Conclusion Children with ISS may have high intraocular pressure and high risk of myopia. Higher peak results of growth hormone provocation test and large corneal curvature may be the risk factors for myopia.