〔Abstract〕 Abstract Alzheimer ′s disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Since there are cur- rently no effective treatment options , early diagnosis is crucial for slowing the progression of the disease . The retina and the brain share a common embryological origin and exhibit similarities in both anatomical structure and vascular system . In the early stages of AD , patients may develop visual symptoms due to changes in the visual cortex circuit- ry and associated retinal alterations . Therefore , in recent years , there has been growing interest in exploring the role of the retinal vascular network in the pathogenesis , early diagnosis , and precision intervention of neurodegener- ative diseases . This review overviews the changes in the visual cortex circuitry and retinal vascular network in AD patients , their underlying mechanisms , the relationship between neural circuits and visual disorders , and introduces novel diagnostic methods in retinal research .