〔Abstract〕 Non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC), the most prevalent type of lung cancer, has a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs) have demonstrated promising efficacy in this disease, while bringing a unique set of immune-related adverse events(irAEs). This article comprehensively explores the multi-systemic irAEs of programmed death protein-1(PD-1)/programmed death protein ligand-1(PD-L1) inhibitors in the treatment of NSCLC, including but not limited to dermatotoxicity, endocrine toxicity,hepatic toxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity. The occurrence of these adverse reactions not only poses a challenge for clinical treatment,but also correlates with treatment efficacy. In addition,the paper discusses biomarkers for predicting the risk of ir AEs,such as gut microbiota,blood biomarkers,etc.,with the aim of providing a potential risk assessment tool for the clinic.