〔Abstract〕 To investigate the method and evaluation of using different doses of vancomycin (VCM) to construct an acute kidney injury (AKI) model in SD rats . Methods The 6-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups : normal control (NC) group , VCM (200 , 400 , 600) mg/kg group . The drug was given by intraperitoneal injection once a day for 7 days . The levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) were detected . The kidney was weighed and the kidney body ratio was calculated . Renal tissue was stained with HE and PAS , and the pathological injury of kidney was observed under light microscope . Results With the increase of VCM dose , serum BUN and Cre levels in each dose group showed an upward trend ( F = 3 . 85 , P < 0. 05 ; F = 9. 02 , P < 0. 01) . Compared with the VCM (200 , 400) mg/kg groups , the Cre level in the VCM 600 mg/kg group was the highest , with statistically significant differences ( P < 0. 01 , P < 0. 05 ) . As the VCM dose in- creased , body weight of rats in each dose group decreased (F = 54. 81 , P < 0. 01) , while total kidney weight and kidney body ratio increased ( F = 11 . 13 , F = 14. 43 , both P < 0. 01) . Significant statistically differences ( P < 0. 01 , P < 0. 05) were observed in body weight , total kidney weight and kidney body ratio between the VCM 600 mg/kg group and the VCM (200 , 400) mg/kg groups . HE staining and PAS staining showed that renal tubules in each dose group were damaged to varying degrees . With the increase of VCM dose , the pathological score of kidney injury increased (F = 105 . 80 , F = 28 . 89 , both P < 0. 01) , and the pathological damage of renal tubular epithelial cells such as shedding , swelling and cast formation was the most serious in VCM 600 mg/kg group . Conclusion The AKI model in rats can be stably established by intraperitoneal injection of VCM at 600 mg/kg once a day for 7 days .