〔Abstract〕 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovial inflammation and joint destruction, with a complex pathogenesis. Macrophage polarization plays a pivotal role in disease progression. Recent studies demonstrate that microRNA (miRNA), as critical post-transcriptional regulators, can participate in the inflammatory response process by regulating the polarization state of macrophages, thereby aggravating RA joint damage. This review summarizes the mechanism of action of various miRNA in regulating macrophage polarization, and emphasizes their potential therapeutic value in RA.