〔Abstract〕 Objective To screen the differentially expressed mRNA between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) and normal tissues of Kazakh in Xinjiang by microarray, so as to further understand the occurrence and development mechanism of ESCC. Methods Five pairs of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues(more than 5 cm away from cancer tissues) were screened by gene chip; Bioinformatics analysis was performed by R software and R software package; Metascape was used to carry out gene ontology(GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analyses; bioinformatics website String and Cytoscape software was used to find core genes; 23 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) and 20 cases of adjacent normal tissues of Kazakh in Xinjiang were collected, and the core gene PLAUR was verified by immunohistochemistry. Results 1 764 differentially expressed mRNAs were screened out(multiple of difference ≥2 andP<0.01); Among the differentially expressed mRNAs, 378 genes were up-regulated and 1 368 genes were down regulated.These differentially expressed mRNAs involved a series of biological functions and pathways; Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of the core gene PLAUR in Kazakh esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. Conclusion The differentially expressed mRNAs in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues of Kazakh in Xinjiang was screened by microarray, and the core genes were found out, which improved the gene spectrum of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma of Kazakh in Xinjiang, and laid a foundation for further research on the diagnosis and prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.