〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the relationship between vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene polymorphisms and the clinical prognosis of acute pancreatitis(AP), and to provide a genetic basis for early identification of critically ill patients.Methods A total of fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) on the VDR gene were detected in 508 AP patients by using improved ligase detection reaction(imLDR) technology. Unconditional Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the association of VDR gene polymorphisms with outcome( sepsis/severe AP/death) of AP patients after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index(BMI), smoking and drinking status and APACHE II score under different genetic models.Results Rs12721375 GA/AA genotype had a lower risk of sepsis than GG(P= 0. 02) and the A allele had a lower risk of sepsis than G(P= 0. 009). Rs2853559 GA and GA/AA had higher risks of sepsis than GG(P= 0. 022 and 0. 026 respectively). Rs11168287 AA had a higher risk of severe AP than GG and GG/GA(P= 0. 030 and 0. 022 respectively). Rs2853559 AA genotype had a higher risk of severe AP than GG and GG/GA(P= 0. 022 and 0. 021 respectively). The risk of death of rs11168283 CT/TT genotype was lower than that of CC(P= 0. 046).Conclusion VDR gene polymorphisms are related to the clinical outcome of AP patients in Chinese Han population. VDR gene is involved in the progression of AP.