〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the significance of circular RNAs(circRNAs) underlining the molecular biological pathogenesis of Uyghur type 2 diabetes(T2 DM) by observing the difference of circRNAs expression in the peripheral blood of Uyghur T2 DM patients. Methods High-throughput nucleotide sequencing was utilized to screen out differentially expressed circRNAs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 5 Uyghurs volunteers with healthy adults and 5 Uyghurs with T2 DM.To further verify the differentially expressed circRNAs, additional samples from 20 NC Uyghur volunteers and 22 T2 DM Uyghur patients were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative-PCR(RT-qPCR). Results A total of 134 differentially expressed circRNAs were screened out by high-throughput nucleotide sequencing, of which 87 were up-regulated and 47 were down-regulated.hsa-circ-0139634 andhas-circ-0005414 were obviously up-regulated andhsa-circ-0032491 andhsa-circ-0002922 were obviously down-regulated and they were selected for further verification by RT-qPCR of the additional samples.The study found that the differential expression ofhsa-circ-0139634、hsa-circ-0032491、hsa-circ-0002922 in peripheral blood samples was statistically significant, which was consistent with the sequencing results. Among them, the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve ofhsa-circ-0139634 was 0.935 [95%confidence interval(0.884-1.000),P<0.001], Youden index was 0.867, sensitivity was 1.000, specificity was 0.867 and cutoff value was 0.169;the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve ofhas-circ-0005414 was 0.575[95%confidence interval(0.370-0.779),P=0.910], Youden index was 0.278, sensitivity was 0.412, specificity was 0.867 and cutoff value was 5.749; the area under the ROC curve ofhsa-circ-0032491 was 0.316[95% confidence interval(0.086-0.440),P=0.017], Youden index was 0.056, sensitivity was 1.000, specificity was 0.056 and cutoff value was 0.230; the area under the ROC curve ofhsa-circ-0002922 was 0.263[95% confidence interval(0.078-0.428),P=0.014], Youden index was 0.080, sensitivity was 0.955, specificity was 0.125 and cutoff value was 0.011. Conclusion Uyghur T2 DM patients and NC populations have differentially expressed circRNAs profiles. Of note,hsa-circ-0139634 has potential value in the molecular biological pathogenesis of Uyghur T2 DM.