〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of sodium aescinate on bile duct hyperplasia in rats with obstructive jaundice. Methods Eighty one healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: simple bile duct ligation group(n=36), sodium aescinate group(n=27) and sham operation group(n=18). The first intraperitoneal injection was started 24 hours after bile duct ligation. After continuous administration for 7 days, the liver tissues of rats in each group were obtained. HE staining was used to observe the morphological structure of liver tissues. Masson staining was used to observe the proliferation of collagen fibers in liver tissues. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the growth of type Ⅰ collagen fibers(COL-Ⅰ) and type Ⅲ collagen fibers(COL-Ⅲ) in liver tissues of rats in each group. Staining was used to detect the expression of related proteins. Results Sodium aescinate could improve liver fibrosis induced by obstructive jaundice in rats, and inhibit the expression of COL-Ⅰ, COL-Ⅲ and α smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), reduce the proliferation of small bile ducts around liver portal area and the expression of phosphorylated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 E binding protein 1(p-4 EBP1) in bile duct cells. Conclusion Sodium aescinate can inhibit the proliferation of small bile duct in rats with obstructive jaundice by reducing the expression of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 E binding protein 1(4 EBP1).