〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the expression and clinical significance of CXC cell chemokine ligand-5(CXCL5) and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9) in intrauterine adhesion(IUA) endometrial. Methods Endometrial tissue was obtained from 48 patients who underwent IUA. The transcervical resection of adhesions(TCRA) was performed, and the surgical effect was evaluated by hysteroscopy one month after TCRA. Endometrial tissue was obtained again during hysteroscopy. 48 women who underwent hysteroscopy to exclude endometrial disease during the same period served as a control group. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the relative expression of CXCL5 and MMP-9 in endometrial tissue. Western blot was used to detect the relative expression of protein, and RT-PCR was used to detect the relative expression of mRNA. Results The uterine cavity of 48 patients with IUA recovered well after TCRA surgery, and 1 patient had severe adhesion. TCRA surgery was performed again. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that CXCL5 and MMP-9 were relatively low in the IUA group and increased in the IUA postoperative group, but the expression levels of the two groups were lower than those of the control group, and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant(P<0. 01). Western blot and RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of CXCL5, MMP-9 protein and mRNA in the endometrium of the IUA group were lower than those of the IUA postoperative group, and both groups were lower than the control group. The difference between the three groups was statistically significant(P<0.05); the expression of CXCL5 and MMP-9 were correlated and showed consistent changes. Conclusion CXCL5 and MMP-9 are low expression in the endometrium of IUA, and increase in the endometrium of IUA patients after transcervical resection of adhesions. CXCL5 affects the level of MMP-9, and CXCL5 and MMP-9 may be involved in the occurrence of the IUA.