〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the prevalence of uremic pruritus(UP) in patients with maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) in Anhui Province and its influential factors. Methods Patients with MHD were enrolled in 27 hemodialysis centers in Anhui Province. Clinical data were compared. Results A total of 3 025 patients with MHD were included. The prevalence of UP was 63.3%, among them, mild UP 55.9% and moderate to severe UP 7.4%. The prevalence rates of UP in southern Anhui, central Anhui and northern Anhui were 75.4%,63.6% and 57.9%.The prevalence of total UP in ≤30 years, 31-50 years, 51-70 years and ≥71 years was 53.5%, 59.8%, 65.4% and 65.9%. The prevalence of total UP and moderate to severe UP increased with age(P<0.01). Age, age of dialysis, proportion of hypertension, 25(hydroxy)vitamin D3[25(OH)D3], proportion of low flux dialyzer usage and proportion of calcium-phosphorus binder usage in UP group were higher than those in the group without UP. However, the levels of diastolic blood pressure, hemoglobin(Hb) and hemodialysis filtration ratio in the UP group were lower than those in the non-UP group(P<0.05). By comparison, the age, hypertension and diabetes of patients in moderate and severe UP group were higher than those in mild UP group, while the proportion of non-calcium-phosphorus binding was lower than that in mild UP group(P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that high 25(OH)D3was associated with a higher risk of UP in MHD patients, and high throughput dialyzer use was associated with a lower risk of UP in MHD patients(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of UP in maintenance hemodialysis patients in Anhui province is 63.3%. The prevalence of UP is the highest in southern Anhui, and the prevalence of total UP and moderate to severe UP increases with age. High 25(OH)D3levels are a risk factor for UP in MHD patients, and the use of high-throughput dialyzers can reduce the risk of UP in MHD patients.