〔Abstract〕 Objective To study the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies of ABCB1 C3435 T and ABCB1 T2677 G in Uygur, Han and Hui patients with dyslipidemia. Methods The ABCB1 C3435 T and ABCB1 T2677 G genotypes were detected by fluorescence in-situ hybridization in 311 Uygur, 409 Han and 53 Hui patients with dyslipidemia. The genotypes were compared with people of different races and then analyzed the difference in frequencies of genotypes and alleles. Results The difference of ABCB1 C3435 T genotype frequency and allele frequency of Uighur and Han patients with dyslipidemia was statistically significant(P<0.05), and the difference of ABCB1 C3435 T allele frequency of Uighur and Hui patients with dyslipidemia was statistically significant(P<0.05). The difference of ABCB1 T2677 G genotype frequency in Uyghur and Han patients with dyslipidemia was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclution The distribution of ABCB1 gene polymorphism in patients with dyslipidemia in different ethnicities of Xinjiang is different. Ethnic difference is important factors in studying the mechanism of ABCB1 and statin efficacy.