〔Abstract〕 Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-6(IL-6) and traditional inflammatory markers in children with kawasaki disease(KD), and to explore the role of IL-6 in predicting clinical classification, intravenous Immunoglobulin(IVIG) reactivity and coronary artery lesion(CAA). Methods 165 Chinese children with KD were enrolled and divided into 6 subgroups, including complete KD, incomplete KD, IVIG-responsive KD, IVIG-nonresponsive KD, coronary artery noninvolvement KD and coronary artery involvement KD. Results (1) Serum IL-6 markedly increased in the acute phase of KD, whereas declined to normal after IVIG therapy; it was positively correlated with C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.(2) Serum IL-6 was significantly elevated in patients with incomplete KD when compared with their complete counterparts; The area under receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) value was 0.596 for serum IL-6 in prediction of incomplete KD, and the estimated sensitivity and specificity were 77.80% and 54.40% respectively with a cut-off of IL-6>13.25 pg/ml.(3) Serum IL-6 was significantly elevated in patients with IVIG-nonresponsive KD when compared with their IVIG-responsive counterparts; the AUC value for serum IL-6 was 0.580 in prediction of IVIG-nonresponsive KD, and the estimated sensitivity and specificity were 60.00% and 66.30% respectively with a cut-off of IL-6>26.40 pg/ml.(4) No significant differences in IL-6 were found between KD patients. Conclusion IL-6 is prone to be a candidate biomarker for predicting incomplete and IVIG non-responsive KD rather than CAA.