〔Abstract〕 Objective A human erythroleukemia(HEL) cell xenograft model was established using zebrafish embryos to provide a model for studying in vivo behavior and practical drug testing of hematological tumors.Methods Divide the HEL cells into a blank group and a CM-DiI group. The CM-DiI group was labeled with a live cell tracer.Wild-type zebrafish were cultivated and reproduced. After embryogenesis, the embryos were incubated at 28 ℃ for 48 h until the membrane was broken. The zebrafish were divided into blank control group, PBS experimental group,and HEL experimental group. Cells of CM-DiI group were transplanted into zebrafish yolk sac of HEL experimental group by microinjection,and PBS experimental group was injected with PBS. The three groups of zebrafish were cultured in an incubator at 34 ℃,and whether the model was established successfully was identified through in vivo and in vitro proliferation experiments and in vivo fluorescence observation,the successfully identified zebrafish were exposed to cytarabine drug,divided into 50,100,200 nmol/L group and model control group,the proliferation and migration of leukemia cells in xenograft tumor models after drug exposure in each group were observed. Results The proliferation status of HEL cells in the CM-Dil group and the blank group was similar,and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). The proliferation of HEL cells in zebrafish was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo proliferation experiments; The number of zebrafish in the HEL experimental group was lower than that in the blank control group and PBS injection group(P<0.05). Compared with the model control group,the proliferation of the three concentrations of cytarabine drug exposure group was lower(P<0.05). Conclusion Human acute erythroleukemia HEL cells can be proliferated after transplantation into zebrafish embryos,and the proliferative activity can be interfered by cytarabine,confirming the successful establishment of the xenograft model.