〔Abstract〕 To explore the difference of expression profiles of microRNA(miRNA) in the exosomes of endometrial stromal cells(ESC) from different sources. The exosomes were isolated from 40 patients with endometriosis(EMs)(study group) and 40 patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN) Ⅲ underwent uterine surgery(control group) after ESC primary culture. Chip was used to detect the difference of miRNA expression profile between the two groups. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR) was used to detect the levels of miR-205 and miR-542-3 p in ESC exosomes. The target genes related to EMs of miRNA with higher up-regulated and down-regulated multiples were predicted. There were significant differences in the expression of 39 kinds of miRNA in ESC exosomes between the study group and the control group(P<0.05), among them, there were 14 up-regulated miRNA, with the up-regulated multiple of miR-205 was the highest; there were 25 down-regulated miRNA, with the down-regulated multiple of miR-542-3 p was the highest. qRT-PCR showed that there was no significant difference between the levels of miR-205 and miR-542-3 p in ESC exosomes with the chip detection multiples(P>0.05). 26 genes related to EMs, such as PTEN, FBN1 and S100 A2, were predicted to be differentially expressed target genes of miRNA. There are many differentially expressed miRNA in ESC exosomes of EMs, targeting a variety of EMs-related genes.