〔Abstract〕 Objective To detect the expression changes of pSTAT3 protein in trigeminal ganglions(TGs) of trigeminal neuralgia(TN) model rats and its located cell type. Methods The rat model of TN was established by chronic constriction of infraorbital nerve. Von Frey hair was used to determine the mechanical sensitivity threshold of the two groups, and Western blot was used to detect the changes of pSTAT3 protein expression in TG. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to observe the fluorescence staining of pSTAT3 and its located cell type. Results The CCI-ION group showed a significant reduction of the mechanical pain threshold(P<0.05) from the first day to the fourteenth day after surgery. The expression level of pSTAT3 protein in TG of CCI-ION group was significantly higher than that of Sham group(P<0.05). The immunofluorescence experiment showed that the staining of pSTAT3 in the CCI-ION group was stronger than that in the Sham group, and pSTAT3 was located in microglia cells rather than satellite glia cells or neurons. Conclusion The activation of JAK/STAT3 pathway was found in the TG microglias of TN model rats.