〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the role of peripheral blood circular RNA hsacirc0002715 in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) patients.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 76 SLE patients, 33 healthy controls(HC) and 88 non-SLE patients including 56 rheumatoid arthritis(RA) patients and 32 ankylosing spondylitis(AS) patients. Expression of peripheral blood circular RNA hsacirc0002715 was detected by qRT-PCR. Differences in peripheral blood circular RNA hsacirc0002715 among SLE, HC and non-SLE groups were comparatively analyzed. Correlations of peripheral blood circular RNA hsacirc0002715 with several clinical indexes were analyzed.Results ① The expression of peripheral blood circular RNA hsacirc0002715 was significantly higher than that in HC(P<0.001) and non-SLE(P<0.001).② The expression of peripheral blood circular RNA hsacirc0002715 in SLE patients was negatively correlated with C3(rs=-0.453,P<0.001), C4(rs=-0.336,P=0.004), WBC(rs=-0.486,P<0.001), HGB(rs=-0.277,P<0.016), PLT(rs=-0.300,P=0.009). The expression of peripheral blood circular RNA hsacirc0002715 in SLE patients was positively correlated with anti-ds DNA( rs= 0. 253,P = 0. 040). The expression of peripheral blood circular RNA hsa＿circ＿0002715 in SLE patients with postive anti-nucleosome was significantly higher than that in SLE patients with negative anti-nucleosome( P<0. 001).(3) The area under ROC curve( AUC),sensibility and specificity of peripheral blood circular RNA hsa ＿ circ ＿0002715 between SLE patients and HC was 0. 772,63. 16%,81. 82%. The AUC,sensibility and specificity of peripheral blood circular RNA hsa＿circ＿0002715 between SLE patients and non-SLE was 0. 674,55. 26%,72. 73%. The AUC,sensibility and specificity of peripheral blood circular RNA hsa ＿ circ ＿0002715 between SLE patients and all controls(non-SLE + HC) was 0. 701,51. 32%,80. 17%.(4) The sensibility of peripheral blood circular RNA hsa＿circ＿0002715 for SLE patients was superior to anti-ds DNA,and the sensibility and sensibility of combination of hsa＿circ＿0002715-anti-ds DNA significantly increased. Conclusion The expression of peripheral blood circular RNA hsa＿circ＿0002715 significantly increases in SLE patients,and it is correlated with the activity of SLE and damage of hematological system. This study suggests that the peripheral blood circular RNA hsa＿circ＿0002715 may be a potential diagnosis and differential diagnosis biomarker for SLE.