〔Abstract〕 The modified tissue adherent method was used to extract and culture rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells(PASMCs), and the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation of PASMCs were explored. The lungs of SD rats were separated from chest under aseptic condition. Pulmonary artery was isolated and pulmonary artery tissue was planted with the adherent method of tissue explants. The cellular morphology was observed by inverted phase contrast microscope. The purity of the cells was identified by immunofluorescence assay using α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA). The primary in vitro cultured PASMCs were exposed to normoxic and hypoxia condition respectively, then CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation of PASMCs. The primary rat PASMCs were isolated and cultured successfully, the cell growth and passage were stable. Immunofluorescence assay showed that the positive rate of α-SMA was beyond 90%. The cells grew stably, culture and purification could perform in the same time. Immunology results showed that the positive rate of α-SMA was beyond 90%. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the proliferation of PASMCs expose to hypoxia was lower than that of normoxia. The primary culture model of rat PASMCs was built successfullyin vitro. PASMCs with appropriate inner diameter and separated from the male rats will be selected as the study objectin vitro.