〔Abstract〕 Objective To select and obtainvaginal Lactobacillusstrains with inhibitory effect onGardnerella vaginalis, and to explore the possible mechanism of inhibition ofGardnerella vaginalisbyLactobacillus vaginalisstrains, so as to provide a prerequisite for the development of dominant strains for human disease treatment. Methods Gardnerella vaginalisandvaginal Lactobacillusstrains were isolated from vaginal secretions of patients with bacterial vaginosis(BV) and healthy women, respectively. TheLactobacillusstrains with the ability to inhibit the proliferation ofGardnerella vaginaliswere screened by spot on lawn. Double agar diffusion method was used to compare the inhibitory effects ofLactobacillussolutions, cell-free culture supernatants(CFCs) and bacteria onGardnerella vaginalis. Results Sixty-two strains ofvaginal Lactobacillusstrains were isolated and purified from vaginal secretions of 20 healthy women, belonging to six species. Three strains ofGardnerella vaginaliswere isolated from vaginal secretions of 10 patients with bacterial vaginosis. Among the 62 strains ofvaginal Lactobacillus, 18 strains could inhibit the proliferation ofGardnerella vaginalis. Thevaginal Lactobacillus solutions, the CFCs, and bacteria all had inhibitory effect onGardnerella vaginalis. The inhibitory effects ofvaginal Lactobacillussolutions were higher than those of the CFCs. After the CFCs were treated with proteinase K, the inhibitory effect of eight samples disappeared, and that of 10 samples weakened obviously. Conclusion In this paper, 62vaginal Lactobacillusstrains are purified and identified, of which 18 strains can inhibit the proliferation ofGardnerella vaginalis. The production of antimicrobial protein may be involved in the mechanism thatvaginal Lactobacillusinhibits the proliferation ofGardnerella vaginalis.