〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the association between adiposity rebound and metabolic abnormalities in preschools. Methods A prospective cohort study was designed on the basis of the Maanshan birth cohort. Venous blood samples were collected at 5 to 6 years of age to detect metabolic indicators. 2022 children aged 0 to 6 years with ≥8 consecutive measurements were enrolled. χ2test and Logistic regression model were used to analyze the data. Results The detection rate of abnormal metabolism in preschool children was 16.9%, and the risk of metabolic abnormalities in preschool children with high BMI level at the AR time point and earlier AR time phase was 2.59 and 1.82 times that of the normal group respectively. Conclusion High AR level and earlier AR phase can increase the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities in preschool children.