〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the value of cranial ultrasonography in the diagnosis of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage(PIVH) and analyze the risk factors of PIVH in neonates. Methods 163 neonates hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit were examined by bedside cranial ultrasonography(CUS), The ultrasonography of PIVH were reviewed and analyzed. Chi-square test was used to study the correlations between perinatal parameters and the morbidity rate of PIVH. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect the risk factor of PIVH. Results Ultrasonography of PIVH was characterized by hyperechoic masses in germinal matrix and ventricles, whereas in severe cases, ventricular dilatation and hyperechoic foci in the brain parenchyma could be scanned. Among 156 neonates, 49 cases(31.4%) were diagnosed with PIVH by CUS, including 45 cases(28.8%) of mild PIVH(grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ) and 4 cases(2.6%) of severe PIVH(grade Ⅲ and Ⅳ). There were statistically higher incidence of PIVH in neonates with low gestational age, low birth weight, 3 min Apagar score<7, respiratory distress syndrome, pneumonia and sepsis, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that low gestational age was an independent risk factor for PIVH(OR=0.783, 95%CI: 0.639-0.959,P=0.018). Conclusion CUS is a reliable examination method to the diagnosis and grading of PIVH. CUS screening is essential to susceptible neonates with low gestational age, low birth weight and hypoxia related complications.