〔Abstract〕 Objective To explore the growth characteristics of rat calvaria by detecting the calvaria of SD rats in different periods. Methods The calvaria of SD rats at 1, 4, 7, 10, and 12 weeks from the same littermate were selected(3 rats per week). Real-time PCR and Western blot techniques were used to detect the expression of focal adhesion kinase(FAK)-phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/AKT)signal pathway in the calvaria, and the role of FAK-PI3K/AKT in the growth and development of the calvaria was analyzed by correlation.Results The increase of brain volume and the thickness of calvaria increased synchronously, the expression of FAK was positively correlated with the changes of meridians, and the expression of FAK was positively correlated with the expression of PI3K/AKT.Conclusion The expression of FAK is related to the growth and development of rat skull. FAK plays a role in calvaria by activating PI3K/AKT signal pathway. FAK may be used as a marker of rapid skull growth and development, which provides a basic theoretical basis for the timing of clinical skull defect repair and treatment.