〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the expression levels and clinical significance of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein(CIRBP) and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1(TREM-1) in peripheral blood of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods Forty hospitalized COPD patients from October 2022 to June 2023 were selected as the acute exacerbation group.After treatment, they entered the stable phase and were included in the stable phase group.During the same period, 40 healthy individuals underwent physical examinations as the control group.General information from each group was collected, peripheral blood was collected, and the levels of CIRBP and TREM-1 in plasma were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The relative expression levels of CIRBP mRNA and TREM-1 mRNA were measured using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction( qRT-PCR),and lung function was measured in COPD patients and healthy individuals. Results The expression levels of CIRBP and TREM-1 in peripheral blood during the acute exacerbation of COPD were higher than those in the stable phase group,and the differences were statistically significant( all P<0. 001); The expression levels of CIRBP and TREM-1 in peripheral blood during acute exacerbation and stable phases were higher than those in the control group,and the differences were statistically significant( all P<0. 001); In both acute exacerbation and stable phases,CIRBP levels were positively correlated with TREM-1 levels;The levels of CIRBP and TREM-1 during acute exacerbation were positively correlated with white blood cell count,neutrophil percentage,neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; The stable CIRBP and TREM-1 levels were negatively correlated with the percentage of forced expiratory volume at 1 second to the expected value,and the ratio of forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity at 1 second. They were positively correlated with white blood cell count,neutrophil percentage,and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. Conclusion The expression levels of CIRBP and TREM-1 are elevated in the peripheral blood of COPD patients. The expression of CIRBP is correlated with TREM-1 expression,and is associated with clinical indicators such as lung function,white blood cell count,neutrophil percentage,neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio,etc.,suggesting that CIRBP and TREM-1 may jointly participate in the occurrence and development of COPD.