〔Abstract〕 Objective To investigate the incidence and possible risk factors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO) in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD). Methods 92 patients with CKD were selected as subjects.SIBO was assessed by lactulose hydrogen methane breath test(LHMBT),fat tissue index(FTI) was determined using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis, and gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated by gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS).According to the results of LHMBT,the patients were divided into SIBO group and non-SIBO group.The demographic data, laboratory and clinical indicators, gastrointestinal symptoms and other differences between the two groups were compared.Binomial logistic stepwise regression was used to analyze the possible risk factors of SIBO in CKD patients. Results The incidence of SIBO in these 92 patients was 47.8%.Compared with the non-SIBO group, the GSRS score of the SIBO group was higher, and the difference was statistically significant [(23.27±3.97)vs(21.13±4.39),t=2.451,P=0.016].Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that low serum potassium(OR=0.396,95%CI0.176-0.893,P=0.025) and high FTI(OR=1.182,95%CI1.037-1.348,P=0.013) were independent risk factors for SIBO in patients with CKD. Conclusion The incidence of SIBO is high in CKD patients.Symptoms of dyspepsia are more prominent in SIBO positive patients.Low serum potassium and high FTI are independent risk factors for SIBO in patients with CKD.