〔Abstract〕 Objective To evaluate risk factors for NEC in in term infant. Methods Risk factors associated with NEC were investigated using a retrospective case-control design.43 patients with Bell's stage NEC≥Ⅱ were identified.Each case was paired with two GA-and weight-matched controls.Data were collected from medical records, including oligohydramnios, ICP,neonatal asphyxia, MAS,neonatal septicemia, CHD,neonatal shock, gestational diabetes, PROM,fetal distress, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, and univariate/logistic regression analysis was employed. Results A total of 43 cases and 86 controls were enrolled.The demographic characteristics of the two groups were not statistically significant.The onset time of 43 cases was 2～17 d after birth and the average time was 6.3 d.The single factor analysis indicated that the two group had statistical significance in oligohydramnios, MAS,CHD,neonatal septicemia, neonatal asphyxia, gestational diabetes, neonatal shock, PROM,fetal distress and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.Logistic regression analysis suggested that CHD(OR=4.27,P=0.029),neonatal septicemia(OR=2.77,P=0.007),Oligohydramnios(OR=2.42,P=0.010),PROM(OR=2.11,P=0.013),neonatal asphyxia(OR=2.06,P=0.031),MAS(OR=1.89,P=0.017),hypertensive disorders in pregnancy(OR=1.86,P=0.015),gestational diabetes(OR=1.75,P=0.032),neonatal shock(OR=1.65,P=0.024)and fetal distress(OR=1.35,P=0.021) were significantly associated with NEC. Conclusion Oligohydramnios, MAS,CHD,neonatal asphyxia, neonatal septicemia, neonatal shock, PROM,fetal distress, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and gestational diabetes may be associated with an increased risk of NEC in term infant.